Writings by Eric B. Dent




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     Management, Spirituality, and Religion

     Organizational Change

     World View

     Teaching/Pedagogy

     Organizational Behavior and Development



Management, Spirituality, and Religion

  • " Objectivism and Christianity" (2011).  The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies. 11(1), 189-213. 
    The two primary philosophies upholding reason in the United States today are Objectivism and Christianity.  They may seem like strange bedfellows, but many of the large perceived gaps between them disappear upon close inspection.  As exponents of reason, Christians and Objectivists can learn from each other as they forward their respective agendas.  As a foundation for exploring these two philosophies, the terms reason and faith are analyzed.  We conclude that Objectivists and Christians deal with matters of uncertainty in the same way – by holding a tentative decision based on the best information available.  This paper then analyzes five areas in which Objectivist philosophy can be enhanced by assuming Christian philosophical axioms.  The argument focuses on Christianity as a philosophy and intentionally does not assume a transcendent God, which is an article of Christianity.  The five areas addressed are creation; tabula rasa; life as the ultimate standard; romantic love, sex, and marriage; and altruism and the trader principle.  In each case, the Christian philosophical axioms are more realistic and better supported empirically than the Objectivist axioms. 

  • "America, A Proselytizing Society" (2005).  Spirit at Work. 4, 14.  This brief essay points out that Americans proselytize about all kinds of things, but some people don't believe that proselytizing about faith/religion is acceptable.  Scroll down a little since the article starts mid-page.

  • "Can We Agree on the Force, and Call it God?  Multi-disciplined Evidence and Organizational Implications" (2005). Academy of Management.  This paper offers evidence for the existence of God using only scientific and humanist sources.  Evidence is offered from the fields of philosophy, physics, neuroscience, biology, psychology, and management.  Materialism is critiqued, establishing that people who choose not to believe in God are doing so because their worldview does not allow for non-materialist explanations, even when the preponderance of evidence points in that direction.  

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  • "Spirituality in Organizations: An Empirical Review of Definitions and Other Embedded Assumptions" with Eileen Higgins and Deborah Wharff.  Leadership Quarterly (2005). 16 (5), 625-653.  This paper reviews the scholarly literature and reports results about the articles along ten dimensions, including whether they define spirituality in the context of religion (or not), whether it is an individual or a collective phenomenon, and whether or not it leads to increased productivity.

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  • "Reconciling Complexity Science in Organizations and Christian Spirituality" (2003) Emergence: A Journal of Complexity Issues in Organizations and Management.  5 (4), 124-140.  This paper demonstrates how the recent work in complexity science in organizations reinforces the claims and teachings of the Christian scriptures.
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    Organizational Change

  • "Modeling U.S. Manufacturing Competitiveness" (2006) Dent, Eric B. & Hughes, Robert.  Journal of Business and Public Administration. 3(1), 67-78.  This article creates a model for understanding the characteristics of U.S. manufacturers that have successfully kept their businesses in the United States rather than moving to countries with lower-cost labor.  

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  • "Conceptualizing Ethnicity, Justice, and Resistance during Organizational Change" (2005) Glover, A. and Dent, E.B.  Academy of Management.  This paper develops the theory of resistance to change as it pertains to ethnicity and justice.  

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  • "The Complexity Science OD Practitioner,"  Organization Development Journal (2003). 21(2), 84-88.Article provides a taxonomy of how complexity science is being applied to organizations. Shows examples of complexity science OD interventions.

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  • "Employees Actually Embrace Change: The Chimera of Resistance,"   Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship, (2002).  7(2), 56-73.   Article unmasks "resistance to change" and shows that it is not a helpful mental model. "Resistance to change" is challenged by deconstruction, by examples from the literature of the field, and by an empirical study.

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  • "Challenging Resistance to Change," Dent, Eric B. and Susan Galloway Goldberg (1999).  "Challenging 'resistance to change,'" Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 35 (1), 25-41. Article challenges the widely-held mental model of "resistance to change."
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    World View

  • "The Observation, Inquiry, and Measurement Challenges Surfaced by Complexity Theory" (2005) In K. Richardson (Ed.), Managing the Complex: Philosophy, Theory and Practice. 253-283.  Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishers. The purpose of this chapter is (1) to gather in one place, the measurement and inquiry challenges surfaced by complexity theory. (2) to offer insights into how complexity theory can better inform both organizational researchers and practitioners as they deal with these measurement challenges.

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  • “Worldview Assumptions: Paradigm Shift in Progress?” (2004) Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management.  5 (3), 280-306.  This paper is an empirical test of the change in worldview assumptions in articles written in ASQ, comparing 1957 with 1997. Some shift was found in perspectival observation and cooperation. No shift was apparent toward holism or mutual causation.

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  • "The The Interactional Model: An Alternative to the Direct Cause and Effect Construct for Mutually Causal Organizational Phenomena" (2003), Foundations of Science.  8(3), 295-314.Critiques the assumptions of direct, linear causation and offers an alternative model for addressing with interrelationships.

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  • "Reconciling Complexity Science in Organizations and Christian Spirituality" (2003) Emergence: A Journal of Complexity Issues in Organizations and Management.  5 (4), 124-140.  This paper demonstrates how the recent work in complexity science in organizations reinforces the claims and teachings of the Christian scriptures.

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  • "Complex Adaptive System in War, Bureaucratic Machine in Peace: The U. S. Air Force Example" with Cameron Holt Emergence: The Journal of Complexity in Management and Organizations, (2001). 3 (3), 90-107This paper suggests that the Air Force has done a good job of seeing itself as a CAS in war time, but reverts primarily to a bureaucratic mindset during peace time.

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  • "The Complexity Science OD Practitioner,"  Organization Development Journal (2003). 21(2), 84-88.Article provides a taxonomy of how complexity science is being applied to organizations. Shows examples of complexity science OD interventions.

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  • "System Science Traditions: Differing Philosophical Assumptions,"  Systems Journal, 6 (1-2), 13-30, looks at several traditions of system sciences (cybernetics, organizational learning, system dynamics, TQM, general systems theory, and systems analysis) and compares and contrasts the philosophical assumptions which underpin them.

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  • "Complexity Science: A Worldview Shift" Emergence: The Journal of Complexity in Management and Organizations (1999).  1 (4), pps. 5-19.  Discusses the changes in thinking, or mental models, necessary to function effectively in a world of chaos and complexity, a world of permanent white water.

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  • "The History and Origins of Several Traditions of Systems Theory and Cybernetics" Cybernetics and Systems: An International Journal. 30 (2), 79-103. This paper traces the history of several strands of thought on systems thinking which developed in relative isolation from each other. Perhaps we are at a time now when these works can be synthesized.

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  • " Communicating Science: The Difficulty Introduced by the Historical Politics of the English Language," Buck, John A., Dent, Eric B., and Umpleby, Stuart A. (2000).  Science Communication.  22 (1), 73-87. This paper notes that Americans seem to have greater difficulty grasping systems thinking than peoples of other cultures. We suggest that part of the reason is the English language itself which was formed by the three peoples of England centuries ago.

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  • "The Design, Development, and Evaluation of Measures to Survey Worldview in Organizations," submitted to the Journal of Humanistic Education and Development. This paper discusses the process used to develop a survey instrument of individual worldview. It includes, at the beginning, a brief summary of worldview discourse.
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    Teaching/Pedagogy

  • “The Individualized Interaction Between Professor and Student in an Online Course"  Maryland Association for Higher Education Journal.  25, 12-19.  This study explores an aspect of online education rarely examined, the interactions between professor and student that take place via email, outside the virtual, public classroom. 

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  • “Top 10 Reasons for Online Learning."  In this paper I describe the shift in teaching philosophy necessary to teach effectively online, and the tremendous benefits the online environment offers.

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  • "Developing Scholarly Practitioners" In C. Wankel & R. DeFillippi (Eds.),  Rethinking management education for the 21st century, 135-155. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishers.. This chapter describes the current state of management doctoral education and the current environment of management and organizations. It then presents the Doctor of Management program at UMUC as a case study. The chapter concludes by briefly reporting on other doctoral programs and reflecting on future directions.

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  • "The Unique Governance Challenges of Graduate Contract Cohort Programs" Journal of Management Education (2000) 24 (1), 55-72 This paper, as the title implies, discusses the major challenges of governing a university degree program when there is a new, major stakeholder involved - an employer sending dozens of students for the degree. This is the first work I know of on this subject.
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    Organizational Behavior and Development

  • " Managing  Performance in a  Volatile Environment: Contrasting Perspectives on Luck & Causality ," (accepted) with John Parnell, Timothy Hughes, and Nicholas O'Regan. British Journal of Management .   Performance management is an increasingly perilous and challenging activity for many firms, and involves understanding the drivers and measurement of performance. Academics tend to see performance in terms of rationality whereas business leaders tend to interpret drivers  of overall performance in a broader context. When global crises and high uncertainty confound causal links to performance, practitioners often invoke the notion of “luck” as a prospective explanation. Academics are less inclined to do so because they tend to conceptualize luck differently. This paper considers the academic/business gap and how Mode 2 research into luck and causality could produce findings that are more meaningful to practicing managers in both understanding and affecting performance. It concludes by identifying ways to encourage greater academic-practitioner congruence to meet the challenges of a volatile operating environment.
     
  • " Propensity for Participative Decision Making in Turkey and the United States ," (2012) with John Parnell and Mehmet Koseoglu. International Journal of Business Excellence .   Increased subordinate participation in management decisions has been a recognised trend in both private and public organisations in many western nations. Less is known about such practices in other parts of the world, however, especially in emerging countries. This study assesses similarities and differences between US and Turkish managers with regard to propensity for participative decision making (PPDM). The first hypothesis tests the validity of the PPDM scale among a sample of Turkish managers, and was supported. The second hypothesis examines whether US managers report higher levels of participation with respect to the four dimensions of organisational effectiveness, power, culture, and commitment. Surprisingly, the Turkish
    managers reported higher levels of participation in the first three dimensions, with no statistical difference with the US managers on commitment. Other findings are discussed and directions for future research are also presented.
     
  • "A Work Behavior Analysis of Executive Coaches ," (2011) with Glenn Newsom. International Journal of Evidence Based Coaching and Mentoring. 9(2), 1-22.   This study has three main purposes. First, it introduces the Executive Coaching Work Behaviour Survey and takes the initial steps in validating this instrument. It then explores the frequency of specific work Behaviours executive coaches use in their client interactions and examines the variability in these behaviours based on demographic factors. The Executive Coaching Work Behaviour Survey is shown to measure three factors: Professional Coach Activities, Goal Setting and Attainment Activities, and Relationship Activities. One hundred and thirty executive coaches affiliated with a major global leadership training and development organization were surveyed. Results indicate that the most frequent coaching behaviours are (1) establishing trust, honesty, and respect (2) using open-ended questions, and (3) clarifying and understanding client concerns and challenges. Significant differences in coaching behaviour occur based on some demographic variables measured. For example, women score higher than men in Relationship Activities behaviours, coaches with only a Bachelor’s degree score higher than coaches with a doctoral degree in Professional Coach Activities, and coaches with business-related educations perform more Professional Coach Activities than coaches with counseling-related educations. An implication of this study is that competencies needed to achieve professional level performance as an executive coach are not derived from particular educational or work-related experiences. 

  •   " The Senior Leader as Both a Strategist and Technical Specialist," (2010) Journal of Business Leadership, 114-139.   Although textbooks suggest that as leaders climb the ladder they dispense with "technical" responsibilities, that doesn't seem to accurately reflect the current organizational dynamics.  Senior leaders often have a mission-critical technical expertise and the organization continues to depend on them for this expertise in addition to their managerial role.  In fact, in many types of organizations today, the "breakthrough" idea is likely to come from a senior leader, not someone lower in the organization. 
     
  • "Philosophy, Ethics, and Capitalism: An Interview With BB&T Chairman John Allison," (2009) with John A. Parnell. Academy of Management Learning and Education.  8(4), 587-596. For 20 years John Allison served as CEO of Branch Banking &Trust Corporation (BB&T), the tenth largest bank in the United States. Allison attributes BB&T’s success to operating by a set of principles that are embodied in the firm’s statement of 10 key values. For example, when the U.S. Supreme Court upheld a municipality’s right to seize property by eminent domain for the purpose of economic development,
    BB&T issued a statement that it would not provide loans for any projects in which the land for the project had been taken in this manner. In this interview Allison addresses philosophy, ethics, values, and how BB&T harnesses them to guide its business decisions. Characterized as a defender of capitalism and a “philosopher king,” Allison often quotes the likes of Thomas Aquinas, John Locke, and
    Ayn Rand. He discusses leadership development and outlines his contention that successful leaders “evade less and focus more.” Allison closes with suggestions for how business schools can address the topics of ethics and leadership.
     
  • "The Role of Luck in the Strategy-Performance Relationship," (2009) with John A. Parnell. Management Decision.  47(6), 1000-1021.  Strategic management scholars seek to link strategic factors to performance. When specific causal links cannot be identified, however, other potential explanations should be considered, including the notion of luck. This paper aims to introduce a distinction between scholarly and practitioner perspectives of luck and identifies why this distinction is critical to both scholars and practitioners.
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  • "Technology Clients and Psychology: The Case of Smart Cards," OD Practioner. (1999).  31 (1), pps. 20-26.  Article discusses the psychological, social, and cultural aspects of the introduction of technology into life.

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  • "The Messy History of OB&D: How Three Strands Came to be seen as One Rope"  Management Decision, 40 (3), 266-280.. Discusses the early experiences of GWU professors Peter Vaill, Jerry Harvey, and Erik Winslow with three different seminal fields of OB&D. Those represented by Harvard, NTL, and Herzberg, respectively. Named by the journal as Outstanding Paper in 2002

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  • "Seinfeld, Professor of Organizational Behavior: The Psychological Contract and Systems Thinking, Journal of Management Education (2001) 25 (6), 648-659.   Shows how the 'Seinfeld' TV sitcom is a great illustration of two concepts often taught in organizational behavior - the psychological contract and interdependence (systems thinking).

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  • "Leadership in Permanent White Water: Research Challenges". This paper in progress addresses the difficulty in studying leadership if you assume a white water environment. It also chronicles some of my work in Bogota, Colombia.  It appears in the proceedings of the Chesapeake Bay Organization Development Network 2002 conference.

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  • "Can Conflict Be Healthy?" This paper describes the use of the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument as it applies to Christian churches.

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  • "A Chaos Theory Analysis of A Government Service Agency 1993 Employee Opinion Survey Data." Proceedings of the 4th Annual Chaos Network Conference

     
  • Final draft chapters from my book Management: Perspectives, Processes, and Productivity, University of Maryland Press, 1995.
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    Last Updated: January 25, 2012                                                                           Eric B. Dent eric.dent@uncp.edu