ECN 304--Money, Banking, and Financial Institutions
 R E V I E W
 FALL 1999

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Chapter 1   Introduction and Overview
Types of assets
Types of markets
Role of intermediation
Control of the money supply

Chapter 1-Appendix   Some macroeconomic measures
GDP (vs. GNP)
real GDP vs nominal GDP
measures of the price level
inflation

Chapter 2   Overview of the financial system
Types of financing:
      Direct finance:
           direct placement
           brokers
           dealers
      Indirect finance (intermediaries):
           depository institutions
           contractual savings institutions
           investment intermediaries
Types of assets
      debt/equity
      primary/secondary
      liquidity
      negotiability
Regulation

    • Be able to recognize examples of the different types of assets and types of financing.
    • Know what factors affect the liquidity of an asset.
 

Chapter 3   Money
Definition of money
Functions of money
Measures of money
The payments system
    • Know how money differs from income, wealth, and credit.
    • Know the major components of M1, M2, and M3.
    • Give an example of something other than money serving as a unit of account or a store of value.

Chapter 4   Interest rates
Types of loans
Present value
Yield to maturity vs. discount yield vs. current yield
Yield vs return
Real vs nominal yields
    • What stream of payments does a coupon bond promise?  When is a bond's yield greater than its coupon rate?
    • Know how to find the PV of a simple loan over a year or two.
    • Which changes more when there is a one-percent drop in interest rates: the price of a three-year bond, or the price of a 20-year bond?

Chapter 5   Theory of Asset Demand
Four factors that affect asset demand
Systematic risk vs nonsystematic risk
    diversification
    ("beta"). CAPM
    • An asset with a high   has (high/low) (systematic/nonsystematic) risk.
    • Know how a change in each of the four factors would affect the price of an asset and its yield.

Chapter 6   How markets set interest rates and asset prices
Asset-market approach
Loanable-funds approach
Liquidity-preference approach
Factors affecting the supply of assets
    • How would an increase in income or prices shift the liquidity-preference curve?
    • What do the loanable-funds and the asset-market approaches say would happen when the economy goes into a recession?  when the government runs a deficit? when a company's stock goes from being listed on a local exchange to the American Stock Exchange?

Chapter 6-Appendix  The price of gold

Chapter 7   Risk structures, Term structures
Investment grade/junk bond
Term structure, yield curve
Pure expectations theory
Segmented-markets theory
Liquidity-premium theory
Preferred-habitat theory
    • Know how to use the pure expectations theory to infer expected interest rates and to explain current interest rates.
    • What observed phenomenon can the pure expectations theory not explain?

Chapter 9   The importance of asymmetric information
Intermediation and transaction costs
Adverse selection
Moral hazard
Restrictive convenants
Collateral
Net worth
    • Why is debt a more common way to finance business than is equity?
    • Why is indirect finance more common than direct finance?
    • Know the difference between adverse selection and moral hazard.  Be able to recognize examples of the two.

Chapter 11   Banking industry structure and competition
History of U.S. banking
    (First) Bank of the U.S.
    Second Bank of the U.S.
    National Bank Act
    Federal Reserve Act
    Glass-Steagall Act (1933)
        FDIC
        Separation of commercial banking from investment banking
        Interest rate ceilings
    Riegle-Neal Act
    Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (1999)
Process of disintermediation
    financial innovations
    • What groups of people favored and opposed the First Bank of the U.S.?
    • Know the major features of the acts above.
    • Why did the financial innovations of the 1980s weaken the banks?

Chapter 12   Bank regulation
Moral hazard and adverse selection in deposit insurance
"Too big to fail"
Regulatory forbearance

Chapter 15   The structure of the Federal Reserve System
Board of Governors
Federal Open Market Committee
Federal Reserve Banks
Independence of the Fed
    • In practice, who in the Fed does the following things? change the discount rate, increase the monetary base, investigate banks' books, change reserve requirements.
    • Know the composition of the following committees and how their members are selected: the Board of Governors, the FOMC, the Board of Directors of a FRB.
    • What contributes to the Fed's independence?  In what ways is it sensitive to the politics of the Congress and the White House?
    • How are the Fed and the Treasury related?

Chapter 16   The money supply process
Fed's balance sheet
Reserves: TR = RR + ER,  RR = rD
MB = TR + C
D = (1/r)TR if ER = 0
    • Know how to use the deposit multiplier in the formula above.
    • What are the components of the monetary base?
    • How does each of the following change the size of the monetary base?  The Fed buys a bond.  I deposit cash into my checking account.  A bank lends some of its ER.
    • How does each of the above events affect the amount of deposits, D?

Chapter 17   Determinants of the money supply
    • Know how to calculate the money multiplier from c, r, and e.  Know how to use it.
    • What things would increase c?  What would increase e?

Chapter 18   Tools of monetary policy
Defensive/dynamic monetary policy
Three kinds of discount loans
Advantages/disadvantages of the three tools
    • What are the Fed's three tools?  How would it use them to increase the money supply?
    • Which tool is used most often? why?  Which tool is used the least?

Chapter 19   Goals and targets of monetary policy
Operating targets
Intermediate targets
Goals
Trade off between targets  (Tinbgergen's Law)
    • How can interest rate targeting (pegging) be procyclical?
    • Be able to identify examples of operating targets and intermediate targets.

Chapter 21   The demand for money
Quantity theory
    Fisher
    Cambridge economists
Keynesian theory
Monetarist theory
Modern Keynesian theory (Tobin, Baumol)
 

Chapters 24, 25, 26, and 27 will also be included on the Final Exam, but these are new chapters.
 

last updated December 6, 1999,  by Jim Frederick