Approved articles for SOC/CRJ 3610 assignments
New article oftentimes are not available online.
| Title | My body or my mind: The impact of state and trait objectification on women's cognitive resources | ||
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| Author | Gay, Robin K; Castano, Emanuele | ||
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| Affiliation | New School for Social Research, USA | ||
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| Source | European Journal of Social Psychology, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 695-703, Aug 2010 | ||
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| ISSN | 0046-2772 | ||
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| Descriptors | *Females; *Cognition; *Human Body | ||
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| Abstract | Objectification theory posits that as a result of pervasive sexual objectification of the female body in American culture, women are socialized to take an observers' perspective towards the self, resulting in self-objectification. This tendency, combined with an objectifying context, is hypothesized to increase cognitive load, thereby impairing performance. Two experiments tested this hypothesis by investigating the joint impact of trait and state objectification on cognitive load among women. Results of the first experiment showed longer response latencies on a Letter Number Sequencing task, specifically among women high in trait self-objectification (TSO), in a highly objectifying condition. The second experiment replicated results from the first while also exploring possible correlates of the effects. [Copyright John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.] | ||
| Title | My body or my mind: The impact of state and trait objectification on women's cognitive resources | ||
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| Author | Gay, Robin K; Castano, Emanuele | ||
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| Affiliation | New School for Social Research, USA | ||
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| Source | European Journal of Social Psychology, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 695-703, Aug 2010 | ||
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| ISSN | 0046-2772 | ||
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| Descriptors | *Females; *Cognition; *Human Body | ||
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| Abstract | Objectification theory posits that as a result
of pervasive sexual objectification of the female body in American
culture, women are socialized to take an observers' perspective towards
the self, resulting in self-objectification. This tendency, combined
with an objectifying context, is hypothesized to increase cognitive
load, thereby impairing performance. Two experiments tested this
hypothesis by investigating the joint impact of trait and state
objectification on cognitive load among women. Results of the first
experiment showed longer response latencies on a Letter Number
Sequencing task, specifically among women high in trait
self-objectification (TSO), in a highly objectifying condition. The
second experiment replicated results from the first while also exploring
possible correlates of the effects. [Copyright John Wiley and Sons,
Ltd.] |
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| Title | Shadow employment in post-transition-Is informal employment a matter of choice or no choice in Poland? | ||
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| Author | Cichocki, Stanislaw; Tyrowicz, Joanna | ||
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| Affiliation | University of Warsaw, Poland | ||
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| Source | The Journal of Socio-Economics, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 527-535, Aug 2010 | ||
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| ISSN | 1053-5357 | ||
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| Descriptors | *Employment; *Labor Market; *Markets; *Poland; *Choices; *Workers | ||
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| Abstract | According to a dualistic view, shadow employment may follow from two main labour market failures: (i) official market labour taxation distortions make it ineffective for some agents to engage in registered employment due to a tax wedge; or (ii) for some workers regular employment may be unattainable do to some high access costs or demand constraints, which results in seeking earning opportunities beyond the boundaries of the official labour market. Whereas in the first case revenues from unofficial employment should be higher than the corresponding official ones (tax evasion hypothesis), in the alternative explanation labour market tightness seems to be an underlying reason (market segmentation hypothesis). We use a unique data set from a survey on undeclared employment from Poland. Using propensity score matching and decomposition techniques we demonstrate that workers of shadow economy are characterised by slightly higher endowments, while their revenues are considerably lower than among matched official economy counterparts. Although unobservable heterogeneity is considerable, results are robust. Although this is not direct evidence, we believe these results point to the labour market segmentation hypothesis and endangerment with social exclusion. | ||
| Title | Cognitive Skills, Adolescent Violence, and the Moderating Role of Neighborhood Disadvantage | ||
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| Author | Bellair, Paul E; McNulty, Thomas L | ||
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| Source | Justice Quarterly, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 538-559, Aug 2010 | ||
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| ISSN | 0741-8825 | ||
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| Descriptors | *Cognition; *Neighborhoods; *Skills; *Violence; *Adolescents; *Individual Differences | ||
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| Abstract | Numerous studies uncover a link between cognitive skills and adolescent violence. Overlooked is whether the relationship changes at varying levels of neighborhood disadvantage. We examine the issue by contrasting two models that place individual difference in cognitive skill within a social-structural framework. Using five waves of the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and a three-level hierarchical model, results indicate that cognitive skill is inversely associated with violence and that the relationship is strongest in non-disadvantaged neighborhoods. However, the cognitive skills-violence relationship is indistinguishable from zero in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods. The findings are therefore consistent with the hypothesis that social expression of developed ability is muted in disadvantaged contexts. | ||
| Title | Who Should be Interviewed in Surveys of Household Income? | ||
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| Author | Fisher, Monica; Reimer, Jeffrey J; Carr, Edward R | ||
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| Affiliation | International Food Policy Research Institute - Lilongwe, Malawi | ||
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| Source | World Development, vol. 38, no. 7, pp. 966-973, Jul 2010 | ||
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| ISSN | 0305-750X | ||
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| Descriptors | *Income; *Poverty; *Husbands; *Surveys | ||
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| Abstract | This study tests the null hypothesis that it is sufficient to interview only the household head to obtain accurate information on household income. Results show that using a husband's estimate of his wife's income does not produce statistically reliable results for poverty analysis. Estimates of the wife's income provided by the husband and wife are in agreement in only 6% of households. While limiting interviews to one person has the advantage of reducing the time and expense of household surveys, this appears detrimental in terms of accuracy, and may lead to incorrect conclusions on the determinants of poverty. | ||
| Title | Immigration of Nurses | ||
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| Author | Kalist, David; Spurr, Stephen; Wada, Tatsuma | ||
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| Source | Industrial Relations, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 406-428, Jul 2010 | ||
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| ISSN | 0019-8676 | ||
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| Descriptors | *Immigrants; *Markets; *Immigration; *Nurses; *Employment; *Wages; *Workers | ||
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| Abstract | This paper examines the effects of immigration on a specific occupation, registered nurses (RNs). To learn whether immigrant nurses reduced the earnings of RNs, we applied techniques developed by Goldin (1994) and Borjas, Freeman, and Katz (1996), but found the effect of immigrant penetration either positive or insignificant. We also found that the supply of immigrant RNs was far more elastic than the supply coming from natives. It is often argued that it will be hard to detect negative effects on wages and employment of natives in local markets, because natives will avoid a market which many immigrants have entered. This study finds no support for this hypothesis in this market, based on data that measures the rate of entry of RNs exactly. We find no adverse effect of immigration on native workers in this occupation. Adapted from the source document. | ||
| Title | Commuting Times: Is There Any Penalty for Immigrants? | ||
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| Author | Blazquez, Maite; Llano, Carlos; Moral, Julian | ||
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| Affiliation | Departmento de Analisis Economico: Teoria Economica e Historia Economica, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain | ||
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| Source | Urban Studies, vol. 47, no. 8, pp. 1663-1686, Jul 2010 | ||
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| ISSN | 0042-0980 | ||
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| Descriptors | *Immigrants; *Employment; *Labor Market; *Madrid, Spain; *Symptoms; *Spain; *Ecuador; *Assimilation; *Eastern Europe | ||
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| Abstract | The assimilation of immigrants and their impact on the labour market of the host country have become a growing subject of study in recent literature. This is a topic of particular interest in countries like Spain, where immigration has become one of the main challenges of government policy in recent years. The Madrid region has experienced one of the highest increases in the number of foreign residents between 1996 and 2007. The intensity of this inflow in such a short period of time has led to restrictions on the ability of the residential and labour market to absorb all these newcomers, limiting their choice set of available dwellings and jobs. In this paper the spatial mismatch hypothesis for the Madrid region is tested by exploring the relationship between immigrants' residential location and employment accessibility as measured by commuting times. The findings reveal that immigrants from eastern Europe, Africa, Ecuador and Colombia are significantly more likely to experience higher commuting times when compared with natives. These differences in commuting times can be attributed to different preferences regarding dwelling and employment optimal decisions. However, they could also be seen as symptoms of residential segregation and the difficulties in employment accessibility experienced by immigrant groups. Adapted from the source document. | ||
| Title | Family policy, economic development and infant mortality: a longitudinal comparative analysis | ||
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| Author | Ferrarini, Tommy; Norstrom, Thor | ||
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| Affiliation | Swedish Institute for Social Research, Stockholm University, Sweden | ||
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| Source | International Journal of Social Welfare, vol. 19, no. s1, pp. S89-S102, Jul 2010 | ||
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| ISSN | 1369-6866 | ||
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| Descriptors | *Economic Development; *Infant Mortality; *Family Policy; *Time Series Analysis; *Parents; *Twentieth Century; *Child Mortality; *Legislation; *Democracy | ||
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| Abstract | In the present study, the impact of family policy legislation and economic development on infant mortality was estimated. Time series analyses indicate that economic growth decreased infant mortality in the earlier part of the 20th century, while the postwar period showed a zero or even a reversed correlation between economic development and child health. The results from fixed effects modelling of data for 18 welfare democracies for the period 19702000 are in line with the hypothesis that the more generous the earnings-related parental leave benefits, the lower the infant mortality. | ||
| Title | Attitudes Toward Domestic Violence: A Cultural Perspective | ||
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| Author | Wallach, Helene S.; Weingram, Ziv; Avitan, Orli | ||
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| Affiliation | University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel | ||
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| Source | Journal of Interpersonal Violence, vol. 25, no. 7, pp. 1284-1297, Jul 2010 | ||
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| ISSN | 0886-2605 | ||
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| Descriptors | *Attitudes; *Jews; *Israel; *Family Violence; *Immigrants; *Social Integration | ||
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| Abstract | This study examines the effect of acculturation on the attitudes held by Ethiopian Jews in Israel toward domestic violence (DV). The study findings revealed the following: Ethiopians who immigrated to Israel (n = 31) held more lenient attitudes toward DV than Israeli born Jews (n = 62), which supported the hypothesis that culture influences attitudes toward DV; in addition, Ethiopians born in Israel (n = 29) held attitudes closer to those of Israeli-born Jews who were not from Ethiopian origin, thus supporting the hypothesis that integration into the host country results in changes in DV attitudes. These are important findings due to the extremely high number of DV episodes among immigrant populations in general and Ethiopian Jews living in Israel in particular. This study may provide optimism in that it is probable that the younger generation will prove to be less violent than the first-generation immigrants. Perhaps one conclusion that can be drawn is the importance of expediting the integration process of the second-generation Ethiopian Jews in Israel. | ||
| Title | Does education buffer the impact of disability on psychological distress? | ||
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| Author | Mandemakers, Jornt J; Monden, Christiaan W S | ||
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| Affiliation | Department of Sociology, Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2, 5000 LE, Tilburg, the Netherlands | ||
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| Source | Social Science & Medicine, vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 288-297, Jul 2010 | ||
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| ISSN | 0277-9536 | ||
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| Descriptors | *Physically Handicapped; *Cognitive Functioning; *Psychological Distress; *Educational Attainment; *Higher Education; *Special Education; *United Kingdom; *Physical Education; *Health | ||
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| Abstract | This paper investigates whether education buffers the impact of physical disability on psychological distress. It further investigates what makes education helpful, by examining whether cognitive ability and occupational class can explain the buffering effect of education. Two waves of the 1958 British National Child Development Study are used to test the hypothesis that the onset of a physical disability in early adulthood (age 23 to 33) has a smaller effect on psychological distress among higher educated people. In total 423 respondents (4.6%) experienced the onset of a physical disability between the ages of 23 and 33. We find that a higher educational level cushions the psychology impact of disability. Cognitive ability and occupational class protect against the effect of a disability too. The education buffer arises in part because individuals with a higher level of education have more cognitive abilities, but the better social position of those with higher levels of education appears to be of greater importance. Implications of these findings for the social gradient in health are discussed. | ||
| Title | Individual vulnerability and the nurturing state: The case of self-reported health and relative income | ||
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| Author | Furnee, Carina A; Pfann, Gerard A | ||
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| Affiliation | School for Public Health and Primary Care: Caphri, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands | ||
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| Source | Social Science & Medicine, vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 125-133, Jul 2010 | ||
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| ISSN | 0277-9536 | ||
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| Descriptors | *Income; *Health; *Income Inequality; *Low Income Groups; *Income Distribution; *Vulnerability; *Power; *Health Problems | ||
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| Abstract | This paper develops a method to model the effect of income on self-reported health at the individual level. The model is estimated using the meta-analytic data of 68 studies from 13 countries, and is used to test two hypotheses. The first hypothesis is that income affects health at the individual level. If this is the case, the incidence of poor health will differ across people from different income groups. The second hypothesis is that income differentials are associated with differential vulnerability to poor health. If so, the influence of income on health outcomes will differ across members of different income groups in different countries. The collected data are best described by a log-linear relationship between income and self-reported health. The empirical results confirm both hypotheses. We have found that (a) income inequality affects health at the individual level; (b) the level of self-reported poor health in the bottom deciles of the income distribution increases with the level of inequality in the country's income distribution; and (c) the relative income hypothesis has a stronger explanatory power for our results than the absolute income hypothesis. These results confirm the idea that for comparisons at the individual level, relative income matters more than absolute income. These findings have important policy implications. | ||
| Title | A thin slice of violence: distinguishing violent from nonviolent sex offenders at a glance | ||
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| Author | Stillman, Tyler F; Maner, Jon K; Baumeister, Roy F | ||
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| Affiliation | Florida State University, FL 32306-4301, USA | ||
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| Source | Evolution and Human Behavior, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 298-303, Jul 2010 | ||
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| ISSN | 1090-5138 | ||
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| Descriptors | *Violence; *Sex Differences; *Masculinity; *Sex Offenders; *Threat; *Well Being | ||
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| Abstract | A growing body of literature in evolutionary psychology suggests that person perception processes are adaptively tuned. The current investigation tested the hypothesis that people would be able to detect a propensity for violence in other people, based only on a brief glance at their face. Participants estimated the propensity for violence in 87 registered sex offenders after seeing photos of them for 2 s each. Estimated likelihood of violence was significantly related to actual violent history, suggesting that violent tendencies can be accurately inferred from a brief look at a person's face. Cues indicative of high masculinity and high levels of male sex hormones (heavy brow, general facial masculinity, high physical strength, younger age) were related to accurate judgments. Other cues such as facial emotion and good grooming were not associated with an actual history of violence, but nevertheless correlated with raters' judgments. Although there were no sex differences in accuracy, on average women thought targets were more violent than men did. Findings speak to the accuracy and efficiency with which people can detect potential threats to physical well-being. | ||
| Title | An Investigation on Early Maladaptive Schema in Marital Relationship as Predictors of Divorce | ||
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| Author | Yoosefi, Naser; Etemadi, Ozera; Bahrami, Fatemeh; Fatehizade, Maryam Al-Sadat; Ahmadi, Seyyed Ahmad | ||
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| Affiliation | Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature, University of Kurdistan, Iran | ||
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| Source | Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 269-292, Jul 2010 | ||
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| ISSN | 1050-2556 | ||
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| Descriptors | *Divorce; *Couples; *Prediction; *Counseling; *Iran; *Courts; *Prevention | ||
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| Abstract | This study investigates the early maladaptive schema in marital relationship as predictive of divorce in Isfahan, Iran. The sample includes 150 divorce applicant couples and 155 ordinal couples (for a total of 620 participants). The divorced sample was taken from a group of divorce applicants and court clients, and a random multistaged sampling method was used to select the control group. All sample couples were tested on the Early Maladaptive Schema Scale. In spite of the descriptive statistical methods, the discriminate analysis method was applied to analyze the data in this research. The results of the research confirmed our hypothesis and demonstrated that divorce can be predicted based on early maladaptive schema. The results derived from the data analysis are in line with the research literature that indicates that divorce can be predicted based on early maladaptive schemata. In accordance with an early maladaptive schema approach, a model of divorce prevention and marital therapy can be developed. This research can also be applied in clinical and counseling environments to help problematic couples and couples on the threshold of divorce. | ||
| Title | Why did the stillbirth rate decline in Denmark after 1940? | ||
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| Author | Vallgarda, Signild | ||
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| Affiliation | University of Copenhagen | ||
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| Source | Population Studies, vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 117-130, Jul 2010 | ||
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| ISSN | 0032-4728 | ||
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| Descriptors | *Denmark; *Gynecology; *Fertility Decline; *Sexual Reproduction; *Twentieth Century; *Females | ||
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| Abstract | Stillbirth rates began declining in several industrialized countries simultaneously at the beginning of the 1940s. The reasons for this sudden decline have been discussed ever since. Changes in obstetric care, in risk factors, and in the composition of the population at risk have been suggested. One hypothesis is that it reflects a cohort effect of improved reproductive health status among women born during the first decades of the twentieth century arising from the decline in fertility. Other hypotheses point towards improved antenatal and obstetric care and changes in the prevalence of different risk factors. In this study, all death certificates for the stillborn in Denmark during 1938, 1941, 1945, and 1949 were used to investigate the different hypotheses. As possible contributing factors, the results suggest improvements in relation to the course of the delivery, changed parity distribution, and a cohort effect. | ||
| Title | Charitable Donations and the Estate Tax: A Tale of Two Hypotheses | ||
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| Author | Beranek, William; Kamerschen, David R; Timberlake, Richard H | ||
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| Affiliation | The University of Georgia | ||
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| Source | The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, vol. 69, no. 3, pp. 1054-1078, Jul 2010 | ||
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| ISSN | 0002-9246 | ||
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| Descriptors | *Philanthropy; *Taxation; *Wealth; *Apathy; *Liability; *Economic Theories; *Death | ||
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| Abstract | Regression studies have suggested that reducing estate-tax rates would lead to a net reduction in total charitable donations distributed at death. Not only is this notion counterintuitive, our empirical analysis yields the contrary conclusion: overall donations would increase. In rationalizing this donation-decline outcome, investigators have pointed to the tax deductibility of donations in assessing estate-tax liability. These efforts, we show, are dubious. The view that donations will decline is also shown to be inconsistent with axioms of generally accepted economic theory. Two distinct sets of indifference curves that imply these two antithetical views are suggested, their observable predictions derived and compared to the relevant evidence, showing that the increasing-donation hypothesis is confirmed, offering overall a clear challenge to the decline-in-donation position. Our empirical results suggest that most estate-tax payers possess indifference curves consistent with those that embody the increasing-donation hypothesis. | ||
| Title | Reframing the Casualties Hypothesis: (Mis)Perceptions of Troop Loss and Public Opinion about War | ||
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| Author | Myers, Teresa A.; Hayes, Andrew F. | ||
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| Affiliation | Ohio State University, School of Communication, 3016 Derby Hall, 154 N. Oveal Mall, Columbus, OH 43210, United States | ||
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| Source | International Journal of Public Opinion Research, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 256-275, summer 2010 | ||
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| ISSN | 0954-2892 | ||
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| Descriptors | *Public Opinion; *Intervention; *War; *Armed Forces; *Knowledge; *Conflict | ||
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| Abstract | The casualties hypothesis predicts that as the casualties suffered by a nation mount during a military intervention, public opinion will turn against the intervention and its people will demand troop withdrawal. We use the U.S. war in Iraq as a context for testing the perceived casualties hypothesis, which predicts that public beliefs about the actual number of casualties account for public opinion about a military intervention independent of the number of casualties actually suffered. Using data from several thousand respondents to telephone surveys conducted by the Pew Research Center for the People and the Press in 2005 and 2006 as well as data on the number of U.S. casualties suffered as of the interview date, we find that relative to correct estimators and underestimators, respondents who believed the U.S. had suffered more casualties than had really occurred were most supportive of withdrawing troops from the conflict. Attention to the news predicted accuracy in one's beliefs about the number of casualties, but not opinion about the intervention (when accounting for perceptions of the number of casualties suffered), suggesting that accuracy of one's knowledge mediates the effect of attention to the news on public opinion. Ancillary analyses answer the question as to who is paying attention to the news about the war and who is more likely to have accurate knowledge of casualties. Adapted from the source document. | ||
| Title | Relationship Status, Health, And Health Behavior: An Examination Of Cohabiters And Commuters | ||
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| Author | Fuller, Theodore D. | ||
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| Affiliation | Mail Code 0137, Blacksburg, VA 24061 | ||
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| Source | Sociological Perspectives, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 221-245, summer 2010 | ||
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| ISSN | 0731-1214 | ||
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| Descriptors | *Health Behavior; *Health Problems; *Health; *Marriage | ||
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| Abstract | A large amount of literature on relationship status, health, and health behavior indicates that marriage conveys health benefits. This literature, however, devotes relatively little attention to two theoretically interesting groups: unmarried cohabiters and married people who do not live with their spouse ("commuters"). The author hypothesizes that the health and health behaviors of these two groups will be intermediate between those of married people and unattached single individuals. Selective support is found for the hypothesis that the health behaviors of commuters are intermediate between those of married people and single people, but no support is found for the hypothesis that the health status of commuters is intermediate between that of married people and single people. Contrary to expectation, cohabiting persons tend to have poorer health status and health behavior than both their married and single counterparts. Also, while much previous research indicates that the health benefits of marriage are greater for men than women, the author finds that lacking a live-in partner (i.e., commuting or being single) appears to be more detrimental for women than men. | ||
Explaining Teen Childbearing and Cohabitation: Community Embeddedness and
Primary Ties
Houseknecht, Sharon K.;
Lewis, Susan K.
Family Relations, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 607-620, Dec 2005
... effects of primary ties. Our results support this
hypothesis.
An important policy implication is to increase social relations between adult
networks & children that can serve to encourage stable, multigenerational values
& discourage "off-time" ...
Religiosity and the Validity of Self-Reported Smoking: The Third National
Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Gillum, R. F.
Review of Religious Research, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 190-196, Dec 2005
... underreported by more religious persons. To test this
hypothesis,
data were examined from a cross-sectional survey of Americans, the Third
National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Participants were
American women & men aged ...
Gender and the Seriousness of Assaults on Intimate Partners and Other Victims
Not online
Felson, Richard B.;
Cares, Alison C.
Journal of Marriage and Family, vol. 67, no. 5, pp. 1182-1195, Dec 2005
We examine the ways in which assaults committed by male intimate partners are
more serious than assaults committed by female partners & whether these
differences reflect gender differences in offending & victimization generally.
Analyses of the ...
In
the Face of Conflict: Work-Life Conflict and Desired Work Hour Adjustments
Reynolds, Jeremy
Journal of Marriage and Family, vol. 67, no. 5, pp. 1313-1331, Dec 2005
This study helps integrate the work-life & work hours literatures by examining
competing predictions about the relationship between work-life conflict & the
desire for paid work. Using data from the 1997 National Study of the Changing
Workforce (N ...
The Cultural Study of Commercial Sex
Agustin, Laura Maria
Sexualities, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 618-631, Dec 2005
A paradoxical combination of moral revulsion & resigned tolerance has permitted
the sex industry's uncontrolled development in the underground economy & also
impeded research on the phenomena involved. The gaze of researchers as well as
government & ...
Family Policies, Wage Structures, and Gender Gaps: Sources of Earnings
Inequality in 20 Countries
Mandel, Hadas;
Semyonov, Moshe
American Sociological Review, vol. 70, no. 6, pp. 949-967, Dec 2005
This study uncovers an unexpected effect of family-friendly policies on women
economic attainments. Using hierarchical linear models, the analysis combines
individual-level data (obtained from the Luxembourg Income Study) with
country-level data ...
The Diverse Experiences of Hispanic Students in the American Educational
System
Crosnoe, Robert
Sociological Forum, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 561-588, Dec 2005
Hispanic students have long been considered at risk in the American educational
system. A better understanding of the diverse experiences of Hispanics can help
to counteract this risk -- in what ways, & where, do they do well or poorly or
some ...
System-Justifying Beliefs and Psychological Well-Being: The Roles of Group
Status and Identity
O'Brien, Laurie T.;
Major, Brenda
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, vol. 31, no. 12, pp. 1718-1729,
Dec 2005
This research examined the relationship between endorsing system-justifying
beliefs & psychological well-being among individuals from ethnic groups that
vary in social status. System-justifying beliefs are beliefs that imply that
status in society is ...
Testing a Political Economic Theory of the Media: How Were Steel Tariffs
Covered?
Kuzyk, Patricia;
McCluskey, Jill J.;
Ross, Susan Dente
Social Science Quarterly, vol. 86, no. 4, pp. 812-825, Dec 2005
Objective. The objective of this article is to test Stromberg's (2001)
prediction that newspapers will devote more space to costs of tariffs than to
their benefits, using the recent steel tariff issue as a test case. Method. A
content analysis was ...
Asian-Pacific Islander Adolescent Sexual Orientation and Defensive Aggression
Pinhey, Thomas K.;
Brown, Marilyn M.
Social Science Quarterly, vol. 86, no. 4, pp. 898-911, Dec 2005
Objective. This study used the differential-outcomes
hypothesis as
a theoretical guide to examine the association of Guam's same-sex- &
both-sex-oriented Asian-Pacific Islander adolescents & their participation in
defensive aggression. Methods. ...
Work and Family Domain Stressors and Support: Within- and Cross-Domain
Influences on Work-Family Confict
Luk, Dora M.;
Shaffer, Margaret A.
Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, vol. 78, no. 4, pp.
489-508, Dec 2005
The purpose of this study is to examine the within- & cross-domain influences of
work & family domain stressors & support on two forms of work-family conflict
(i.e. WIF: work interference with family, & FIW: family interference with work).
To test ...
Clarifying the Relationship between Parenthood and Depression
Evenson, Ranae J.;
Simon, Robin W.
Journal of Health and Social Behavior, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 341-358, Dec 2005
... Households. The analyses provide support for our first
hypothesis:
Parenthood is not associated with enhanced mental health since there is no type
of parent who reports less depression than nonparents. We also find support for
our second hypothesis: ...
Not online
Doing Gender, Doing Class: The Performance of Sexuality in Exotic Dance Clubs
Trautner, Mary Nell
Gender & Society, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 771-788, Dec 2005
Organizations are not only gendered; they are also classed -- that is, they
articulate ideas and presentations of gender that are mediated by class
position. This article pursues the idea of organizations as gendered and classed
by means of a ...
Contact in Context: An Examination of Social Settings on Whites' Attitudes
toward Interracial Marriage
Johnson, Bryan R.;
Jacobson, Cardell K.
Social Psychology Quarterly, vol. 68, no. 4, pp. 387-399, Dec 2005
Using data from a New York Times poll conducted in 2000, we analyze whites'
approval of interracial marriage by examining the contexts in which whites have
contact with blacks. The contexts can be ordered by the type of contact they
provide, from ...
Student Evaluations and Gendered Expectations: What We Can't Count Can Hurt
Us
Sprague, Joey;
Massoni, Kelley
Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, vol. 53, no. 11-12, pp. 779-793, Dec 2005
Does teacher's gender impact students' evaluations? We critically evaluated the
research literature & concluded that the form gender bias takes may not be
easily detectible by quantitative scales. To explore this possibility, we did a
qualitative ...
The Gender of Status: The Laypersons' Perception of Status Groups Is
Gender-Typed
Giannopoulos, Constantina;
Conway, Michael;
Mendelson, Morris
Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, vol. 53, no. 11-12, pp. 795-806, Dec 2005
Studies addressed the hypothesis that people perceive lower status
individuals as more feminine- than masculine-typed, & higher status individuals
as more masculine- than feminine-typed, even when the feminine & masculine
descriptors are ...
Not online
Emotional Consumption: Mapping Love and Masochism in an Exotic Dance Club
Egan, R. Danielle
Body & Society, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 87-108, Dec 2005
This article introduces & explores the concept of emotional consumption through
an analysis of an exotic dance club in the New England area. Through
understanding how regular customers consume the services offered in an exotic
dance club, I show how ...
Not online
"Control Frauds" as Financial Super-Predators: How "Pathogens" Make Finacial
Markets Inefficient
Black, William K.
The Journal of Socio-Economics, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 734-755, Dec 2005
... firm & act as a "vector" to cause ever greater damage. Control fraud theory
poses a major challenge to the efficient markets hypothesis & the
resulting praxis that devalues financial regulation. References.
Organizational Justice and Job Satisfaction: A Test of Three Competing Models
Clay-Warner, Jody;
Reynolds, Jeremy;
Roman, Paul
Social Justice Research, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 391-409, Dec 2005
Using nationally representative data, we test three theories about distributive
& procedural justice & their relation to job satisfaction. Our results support
the group-value model more than the personal outcomes model by showing that
procedural ...
When Am I My Group? Self-Enhancement versus Self-Justification Accounts of
Perceived Prototypicality
Burkley, Melissa;
Blanton, Hart
Social Justice Research, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 445-463, Dec 2005
The tendency to view the self as a prototypic member of a group is thought to be
at the foundation of many social psychological phenomena. Two opposing accounts
of perceived prototypicality have been suggested in the psychological
literature. The ...
Indirect Pathways between Depressive Symptoms and Marital Distress: The Role
of Conflict Communication, Attributions, and Attachment Style
Heene, Els L. D.;
Buysse, Ann;
Van Oost, Paulette
Family Process, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 413-440, Dec 2005
... the selected variables may be important mediators (hypothesis
1) or moderators (hypothesis 2) of the concomitance between
depression & marital adjustment, exploring the direct & indirect ways in which
depressive symptoms & marital ...
Antecedents and Outcomes of Self-Determination in 3 Life Domains: The Role of
Parents' and Teachers' Autonomy Support
Soenens, Bart;
Vansteenkiste, Maarten
Journal of Youth and Adolescence, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 589-604, Dec 2005
Due to conceptualizations of autonomy as detachment & independence, research on
the parenting-autonomy relationship in adolescence has yielded inconsistent
results. In the present study, self-determination is proposed as an alternative
way of tapping ...
Socialization and Health Inequalities: Some Clarifications. A Reply to
Kendall and Li, and Siegal and Aboud
Singh-Manoux, Archana
Social Science & Medicine, vol. 61, no. 11, pp. 2277-2279, Dec 2005
In this article, Singh-Manoux replies to comments by Garth E. Kendall &
Jianghong Li (2005), as well as Michael Siegal & Frances Aboud (2005) on "Role
of Socialization in Explaining Social Inequalities in Health" (Singh-Manoux &
Marmot
Career Mobility and Job Flocking
Dobrev, Stanislav D.
Social Science Research, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 800-820, Dec 2005
... ties of observability. I test the "information center
hypothesis"
[Ibis 115 (1973) 517] from bioecology on the career mobility of professional
managers who all graduated from the same university. In this case, spatial
proximity in birds is replaced ...
Psychiatrists as Social Engineers: A Study of an Anti-Stigma Campaign
Pilgrim, David;
Rogers, Anne E.
Social Science & Medicine, vol. 61, no. 12, pp. 2546-2556, Dec 2005
Anti-stigma campaigns in the field of mental health appeared in a variety of
countries & organizations during the 1990s. This paper examines one of these --
the 'Changing Minds' Campaign of the Royal College of Psychiatrists in Britain.
The paper ...
Income Inequality, Poverty, and Population Health: Evidence from Recent Data
for the United States
Ram, Rati
Social Science & Medicine, vol. 61, no. 12, pp. 2568-2576, Dec 2005
In this study, state-level US data for the years 2000 & 1990 are used to provide
additional evidence on the roles of income inequality & poverty in population
health. Five main points are noted. First, contrary to the suggestion made in
several ...
Determinants of Mortality at Older Ages: The Role of Biological Markers of
Chronic Disease
Turra, Cassio M.;
Boldman, Noreen;
Seplaki, Christopher L.;
Glei, Dana A.;
Lin, Yu-Hsuan;
Weinstein, Maxine
Population and Development Review, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 675-698, Dec 2005
Researchers have had a longstanding interest in understanding the determinants
of mortality. This article examines the impact of a broad array of biological
markers, together with self-reports of physical & mental health status, on the
probability of ...
On Net Intergenerational Wealth Flows: An Update
Caldwell, John C.
Population and Development Review, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 721-740, Dec 2005
Almost 30 years have passed since I introduced the concept of "net
intergenerational wealth flows" in a PDR essay, "Toward a restatement of
demographic transition theory." A great deal of research has been published
since then, & accordingly an ...
Not online
The Impact of Intimate Partner Violence on Decisions to Leave Dating
Relationships: A Test of the Investment Model
Rhatigan, Deborah L.;
Street, Amy E.
Journal of Interpersonal Violence, vol. 20, no. 12, pp. 1580-1597, Dec 2005
... relationships. Results generally supported the "common sense"
hypothesis, suggesting that violence negatively impacts satisfaction for
& commitment to one's relationship & is positively associated with intentions to
leave. Exposure to psychological ...
Exiting and Entering High-Poverty Neighborhoods: Latinos, Blacks and Anglos
Compared
South, Scott J.;
Crowder, Kyle;
Chavez, Erick
Social Forces, vol. 84, no. 2, pp. 873-900, Dec 2005
A special sample from the 1990-1995 waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics
is used to examine differences in the patterns & determinants of residential
mobility between high-poverty & lower-poverty neighborhoods among Latinos,
blacks & Anglos. ...
Nothing to Fear but Fear Itself: Fear of Fear, Fear of Greed and Gender
Effects in Two-Person Asymmetric Social Dilemmas
Kuwabara, Ko
Social Forces, vol. 84, no. 2, pp. 1257-1272, Dec 2005
... experiments using these games supported the greed
hypothesis
only. In this article I focus on why the fear hypothesis failed &
suggest that fear was actually absent in the Fear Dilemma. To retest Simpson's
hypotheses, I propose ...
UnAnticipated Effects of Sentencing Reform on the Disparate Treatment of
Defendants
Wolldredge, John;
Griffin, Timothy;
Rauschenberg, Fritz
Law & Society Review, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 835-873, Dec 2005
Despite concerns over racial disparities in imprisonment across the United
States, little empirical attention has been paid to how changing the structure
of sentencing might affect levels of disparity. This article examines whether
Ohio's shift to ...
State Social Capital and Individual Health Status
Mellor, Jennifer M.;
Milyo, Jeffrey
Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 1101-1130,
Dec 2005
... the Putnam index, we find particular support for the
hypothesis
that social capital has a more pronounced salutary effect for the poor. Our
findings generate both support for the social capital and health
hypothesis and a number ...
Black Musicians in Northern U.S. Cities during the Early 20th Century: A Test
of the Critical Mass Hypothesis of Urban Sub-Culture Theory
Boyd, Robert L.
Urban Studies, vol. 42, no. 13, pp. 2363-2370, Dec 2005
... 'critical mass' of members of some unique population. This
hypothesis
is tested by analysing the entertainment sub-culture that developed around the
musical styles of the southern Blacks who moved to northern cities in the US in
the early 20th century. ...
How Self-Evaluations Relate to Being Liked by Others: Integrating Sociometer
and Attachment Perspectives
Srivastava, Sanjay;
Beer, Jennifer S.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 89, no. 6, pp. 966-977,
Dec 2005
What is the relation between self-evaluation & being liked by others? Does being
liked by others lead to more positive self-evaluations (as in sociometer
theory), or do positive self-evaluations lead to being liked more
(self-broadcasting)? ...
Assessing the Effects of Urbanism and Regionalism on Gender-Role Attitudes,
1974-1998
Carter, J. Scott;
Borch, Casey A.
Sociological Inquiry, vol. 75, no. 4, pp. 548-563, Nov 2005
In this article, we analyze the effects of urbanism & Southern regionalism on
traditional gender-role attitudes. Our main dependent variable is an index of
gender traditionalism constructed from four items asked across several years
from 1974 to 1998 ...
How and Why Capitalisms Differ
Boyer, Robert
Economy and Society, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 509-557, Nov 2005
The variety of capitalism school (VOC) & regulation theory (TR) are both
analyses of the diversity of contemporary national economies. If VOC challenges
the primacy of liberal market economies (LME) & stresses the existence of an
alternative form, ...
Toward Disentangling Fathering and Mothering: An Assessment of Relative
Importance
Stolz, Heidi E.;
Barber, Brian K.;
Olsen, Joseph A.
Journal of Marriage and Family, vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 1076-1092, Nov 2005
This study employed dominance analysis to assess the relative importance of
maternal & paternal support, behavioral control, & psychological control in
explaining depression, antisocial behavior, & social initiative within 644
adolescents. We noted ...
On Your Marks, Get Stereotyped, Go! Novice Coaches and Black Stereotypes in
Sprinting
Rasmussen, Ricky;
Esgate, Anthony;
Turner, David
Journal of Sport and Social Issues, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 426-436, Nov 2005
Novice coaches made rating judgments concerning factors contributing to the
success of Black & White sprinters. Stereotypical judgments under conditions of
sparse knowledge, as provided by facial photographs of unknown athletes from
disciplines other ...
Ethnicity and Trust: Evidence from Russia
Bahry, Donna;
Kosolapov, Mikhail;
Kozyreva, Polina;
Wilson, Rick K.
American Political Science Review, vol. 99, no. 4, pp. 521-532, Nov 2005
The willingness to trust strangers has been associated with a variety of public
benefits, from greater civic-mindedness & more honest government to higher rates
of economic growth, & more. But a growing body of research finds that such
generalized ...
Welfare States Do Not Crowd Out the Family: Evidence for Mixed Responsibility
from Comparative Analyses
Motel-Klingebiel, Andreas;
Tesch-Roemer,Clemens;
Von Kondratowitz, Hans-Joachim
Ageing & Society, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 863-882, Nov 2005
... & welfare state support. While the 'substitution'
hypothesis
states that the generous provision of welfare state services in support of older
people 'crowds out' family help, the 'encouragement'
hypothesis
predicts a stimulation ...
On the Outside Looking in: Loneliness and Social Monitoring
Gardner, Wendi L.;
Pickett, Cynthia L.;
Jefferis, Valeri;
Knowles, Megan
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, vol. 31, no. 11, pp. 1549-1560,
Nov 2005
The skill-deficit view of loneliness posits that unskilled social interactions
block lonely individuals from social inclusion. The current studies examine
loneliness in relation to social attention & perception processes thought to be
important for ...
Are U.S. Crime Rate Trends Historically Contingent?
McDowall, David;
Loftin, Colin
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 359-383,
Nov 2005
Conventional explanations of crime rate trends assume that changes in the rates
follow a process that is linear & constant, & that draws its inputs from a
normal distribution. These features ensure that the present is linearly
predictable from the ...
Citizens' Perceptions of Distributive and Procedural Injustice during Traffic
Stops with Police
Engel, Robin Shepard
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 445-481,
Nov 2005
This article examines the hypothesis that citizens' perceptions of
injustice are based on normative factors (i.e., perceptions of equity &
fairness) rather than instrumental factors (i.e., the outcomes received) by
examining citizens' perceptions ...
Voting for Minority Candidates in Multiracial/Multiethnic Communities
Stein, Robert M.;
Ulbig, Stacy G.;
Post, Stephanie Shirley
Urban Affairs Review, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 157-181, Nov 2005
Recent research suggests that over time the performance of minority
officeholders rivals race-based attitudes & group membership as the primary
determinant of citizen evaluations of minority officeholders. Here, we examine
the determinants of ...
Ethnic Packaging and Gentrification: The Case of Four Neighborhoods in
Toronto
Hackworth, Jason;
Rekers, Josephine
Urban Affairs Review, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 211-236, Nov 2005
Urban theory has historically situated ethnic commercial strips as an organic
extension of nearby ethnic residential enclaving. While this is still a useful
way to frame such commercial spaces in many cities, this article argues that
some areas of ...
Body Dissatisfaction, Dating, and Importance of Thinness to Attractiveness in
Adolescent Girls
Paxton, Susan J.;
Norris, Melinda;
Wertheim, Eleanor H.;
Durkin, Sarah J.;
Anderson, Jenny
Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, vol. 53, no. 9-10, pp. 663-675, Nov 2005
The primary aim of this study was to test a multivariate model of predictors of
body dissatisfaction in adolescent girls in which psychological variables,
beliefs about the importance of popularity with boys, & beliefs about the
importance of ...
Effects of Salient Multiple Identities on Women's Performance under
Mathematics Stereotype Threat
Gresky, Dana M.;
Ten Eyck, Laura L.;
Lord, Charles G.;
McIntyre, Rusty B.
Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, vol. 53, no. 9-10, pp. 703-716, Nov 2005
... stereotypes regarding math performance. To test this
hypothesis,
we primed the relevant stereotype & then asked men & women college students to
draw self-concept maps with many or few nodes. When they drew no maps or maps
with few nodes, highly ...
Gender Differences in Integration of Images in Visuospatial Memory
Lawton, Carol A.;
Hatcher, David W.
Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, vol. 53, no. 9-10, pp. 717-725, Nov 2005
We examined gender differences in mental integration of images in visuospatial
short-term memory. College students were asked to imagine the combined abstract
shape that would be formed by integrating two separate shapes briefly shown on a
computer ...
Family Satisfaction with Residential Care Provision: A Multilevel Analysis
Dobbs, Debra;
Montgomery, Rhonda
The Journal of Applied Gerontology, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 453-474, Nov 2005
... turn influence their satisfaction with care. This
hypothesis
deserves further attention in future research. Also, the failure of this study
to affirm an expected relationship between staff commitment & family
satisfaction should prompt further ...
Black Womanhood: Essence and its Treatment of Stereotypical Images of Black
Women
Woodard, Jennifer Bailey;
Mastin, Teresa
Journal of Black Studies, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 264-281, Nov 2005
... siren stereotypes will be dispelled more frequently. Results support the
former hypothesis entirely & the latter
hypothesis
partially. Tables, References.
Helpful Grandmothers in Rural Ethiopia: A Study of the Effect of Kin on Child
Survival and Growth
Gibson, Mhairi A.;
Mace, Ruth
Evolution and Human Behavior, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 469-482, Nov 2005
Kin selection & parental investment theories state that, in highly social
species, such as humans, individuals can increase their inclusive fitness by
extending support to their relatives. Here, we document patterns of kin support
in a rural ...
An Examination of Adult Onset Offending
Gomez-Smith, Zenta;
Piquero, Alex R.
Journal of Criminal Justice, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 515-525, Nov-Dec 2005
The onset of offending received much research attention in criminology; however,
the majority of research focused on juvenile offenders. As a consequence, little
was known about the prevalence of & causes associated with adult onset. Using
data from ...
Can Information Change Public Opinion? Another Test of the Marshall
Hypotheses
Cochran, John K.;
Chamlin, Mitchell B.
Journal of Criminal Justice, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 573-584, Nov-Dec 2005
U.S. Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall offered his opinion regarding the
utility of public opinion polls as a tool for assessing the "evolving standards
of decency" regarding capital punishment. His arguments became known as the
Marshall
Side-Bets and Reciprocity As Determinants of Organizational Commitment among
Correctional Officers
Griffin, Marie L.;
Hepburn, John R.
Journal of Criminal Justice, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 611-625, Nov-Dec 2005
... commitment among officers. Becker's (1960) side-bets
hypothesis
predicts greater commitment among those who develop additional investments in
the job that would be lost with a change of jobs, & the reciprocity
hypothesis predicts ...
Not online
Animal Cruelty Motivations: Assessing Demographic and Situational Influences
Hensley, Christopher;
Tallichet, Suzanne E.
Journal of Interpersonal Violence, vol. 20, no. 11, pp. 1429-1443, Nov 2005
Few studies have examined childhood & adolescent animal cruelty motives. Using a
sample of 261 inmates surveyed at both medium & maximum security prisons in a
southern state, the present study examined the impact of demographic attributes
&
Immigration and the American Century
Hirschman, Charles
Demography, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 595-620, Nov 2005
The full impact of immigration on American society is obscured in policy &
academic analyses that focus on the short-term problems of immigrant adjustment.
With a longer-term perspective, which includes the socioeconomic roles of the
children of ...
Temporal and Spatial Variation in Age-Specific Net Migration in the United
States
Johnson, Kenneth M.;
Voss, Paul R.;
Hammer, Roger B.;
Fuguitt, Glenn V.;
McNiven, Scott
Demography, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 791-812, Nov 2005
As fertility differences in the United States diminish, population
redistribution trends are increasingly dependent on migration. This research
used newly developed county-level age-specific net migration estimates for the
1990s, supplemented with ...
Racial Threat, Concentrated Disadvantage and Social Control: Considering the
Macro-Level Sources of Variation in Arrests
Parker, Karen F.;
Stults, Brian J.;
Rice, Stephen K.
Criminology, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 1111-1134, Nov 2005
... social control imposed on blacks, but evidence of this
hypothesis
has been mixed. Although dependency on percent black as the main indicator of
racial threat in many studies has contributed to the inconsistency in findings,
we argue that this
Not online
Detecting Untruthful Answering in Randomized Response Sampling
Huang, Kuo-Chung;
Lan, Chun-Hsiung;
Kuo, Mei-Pei
Quality and Quantity, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 659-669, Oct 2005
... theory concerning them is developed only under the
hypothesis
of completely truthful reporting. Actually, the occurrence of untruthful
reporting is a prospect in dealing with highly sensitive matters such as
abortion or socially deviant behaviors.
Not online
Divorce Culture and Marital Gender Equality: A Cross-National Study
Yodanis, Carrie
Gender & Society, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 644-659, Oct 2005
... equal. These findings support the enhanced equality
hypothesis
that the possibility of divorce provides women with leverage to gain more equal
status within marriage. 2 Tables, 1 Figure, 36 References. [Reprinted by
permission of Sage Publications
Not online
Heterosexual Evaluations of Hypothetical Friendship Behavior Based on Sex and
Sexual Orientation
Muraco, Anna
Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 587-605,
Oct 2005
... quantitatively. The quantitative results support the
hypothesis
that the sex of the respondent, as well as the sex & sexual orientation of the
friend, result in differential evaluations of friendship behavior. Specifically,
heterosexual male ...
Not online
Compassionate Love for Close Others and Humanity
Sprecher, Susan;
Fehr, Beverley
Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 629-651,
Oct 2005
A compassionate love scale was developed that can be used, in alternative forms,
to assess compassionate or altruistic love for different targets (e.g., close
others & all of humankind). Using three samples (total N = 529), the
Compassionate Love ...
Assessing the "Mismatch"
Hypothesis: Differences in College Graduation
Rates by Institutional Selectivity
Alon, Sigal;
Tienda, Marta
Sociology of Education, vol. 78, no. 4, pp. 294-315, Oct 2005
This article evaluates the "mismatch" hypothesis, advocated by
opponents of affirmative action, which predicts lower graduation rates for
minority students who attend selective postsecondary institutions than for those
who attend colleges ...
Not online
Juvenile Offenders and the Death Penalty: How Far Have Standards of Decency
Evolved?
Benekos, Peter J.;
Merlo, Alida V.
Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 316-333, Oct 2005
In 2002, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that because they are less culpable & less
able to deliberate about their behaviors, the execution of mentally retarded
offenders exceeded the prevailing standards of decency (Atkins v. Virginia).
Based on this ...
Relative Contributions of Childcare, Spousal Support, and Organizational
Support in Reducing Work-Family Conflict for Men and Women: The Case of Turkey
Aycan, Zeynep;
Eskin, Mehmet
Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, vol. 53, no. 7-8, pp. 453-471, Oct 2005
The overarching purpose of the study was to investigate the role of three types
of social support (i.e., spousal, childcare, & organizational support) in
relation to work-family conflict (WFC) in dual-earner families with children
ages 0-6 years. The ...
Considering Multiple Criteria for Social Categorization Can Reduce Intergroup
Bias
Hall, Natalie R.;
Crisp, Richard J.
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 1435-1444,
Oct 2005
Two experiments tested the notion that considering multiple criteria for social
categorization can reduce intergroup bias. In both experiments, participants
were required to consider alternative ways in which people could be classified,
other than an
Not online
Social Context, Sexual Practices, and Risks for HIV Transmission among Men
Who Have Sex with Men: The South Beach Health Survey
Kurtz, Steven P.;
Webster, Robert D.;
Buckley, Abraham K.;
Darrow, William W.
Sexuality & Culture, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 3-28, fall 2005
... one or more casual partners. Findings supported the
hypothesis
that primary partner relationships & perceived HIV status are important
variables for understanding engagement in UAI with ejaculation. Men who engaged
in such behaviors with casual ...
Not online
Civic Attachment in the Aftermath of September 11
Schmierbach, Mike;
Boyle, Michael P.;
McLeod, Douglas M.
Mass Communication & Society, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 323-346, fall 2005
After September 11, 2001, many theorists saw indications of a surge in social
capital, indicated by increased trust & civic engagement. This surge may have
been linked to factors such as rally effects & the spiral of silence, as well as
to behaviors ...
Not online
Registered Nurses and the Value of Bilingualism
Kalist, David E.
Industrial and Labor Relations Review, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 101-118, Oct 2005
... (Spanish/English) registered nurses. Support for this
hypothesis
comes from wage regressions on data for the year 2000 from the National Sample
Survey of Registered Nurses. The estimates indicate that bilingual registered
nurses received wage ...
Not online
The Relationship between Perceived Marital Conflict, Attitudes towards
Parents, and Parenting Styles Experienced by Adolescents
Tritt, Amber M.;
Pryor, Jan E.
Journal of Family Studies, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 284-296, Oct 2005
This study investigated the relationships among marital conflict, perceptions of
parents, & parenting styles perceived by adolescents. Subjects were 172 high
school & university students aged 16 to 19 years. Subjects were given a
questionnaire ...
Not online
The Relation of Parenting Styles and Inconsistencies to Adaptive Functioning
for Children in Conflictual and Violent Families
Rossman, B. B. Robbie;
Rea, Jacqueline G.
Journal of Family Violence, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 261-277, Oct 2005
Research of parenting in conflictual & violent families suggests that battered
mothers (i.e., those experiencing verbal &/or physical abuse by their partner)
may not parent very differently from demographically similar nonbattered
mothers. However, ...
Not online
Positive Intelligence and Media Reduction of Ambiguity: The Hunt for Osama
Bin Laden
Weeber, Stan;
Turner, Billy;
Durkin, Keith
International Review of Modern Sociology, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 131-156, autumn
2005
... media coverage of the search for Osama Bin Laden. Our
hypothesis
is that media reports on the location of Bin Laden will appear most frequently
in those parts of the world where there is the greatest fear of terrorist
attacks by Al Qaeda. The ...
Not online
Experiencing Interpersonal Violence: Perspectives of Sexually Active,
Substance-Using Women Living in Shelters and Low-Income Housing
Tucker, Joan S.;
Wenzel, Suzanne L.;
Straus, Julie B.;
Ryan, Gery W.;
Golinelli, Daniela
Violence Against Women, vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 1319-1340, Oct 2005
As part of a larger study, the authors investigated experiences of recent
violence among sexually active, substance-using women. Structured interviews
were conducted with 172 women living in shelters & low-income housing, 41 of
whom also completed an ...
Isolation and Normlessness: Attitudinal Comparisons of Adolescent Sex Offenders,
Juvenile Offenders, and Nondelinquents
Miner, Michael H.;
Munns, Rosemary
International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, vol.
49, no. 5, pp. 491-504, Oct 2005
The authors explored attitudinal differences among adolescent male sex
offenders, juvenile delinquents, & nondelinquent youth based on three variables
drawn from integrated delinquency theory: conventional attitudes, normlessness,
& social isolation. ...
Not online
Gender and Ageism
Hatch, Laurie Russell
Generations, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 19-24, fall 2005
This article examines the biased constructions of gender & aging, as reflected
in the mass media, in social policies, & in the differential treatment of men &
women in healthcare. In the media, older adults of both sexes are
underrepresented & when ...
Not online
Pre- and Post-9/11 Sociological Response to Terrorism
Ahmad, Aqueil;
Sileno, Michael L.
International Journal of Contemporary Sociology, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 189-206,
Oct 2005
... neglected social science research topic? A working
hypothesis
suggested the reactive nature of our discipline: After-the-fact enthusiasm about
a publicly dramatized event. The September 11,2001 terrorist attacks on New York
& Washington heightened ...
Social Tuning of Automatic Racial Attitudes: The Role of Affiliative
Motivation
Sinclair, Stacey;
Hardin, Curtis D.;
Lowery, Brian S.;
Colangelo, Anna
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 89, no. 4, pp. 583-592,
Oct 2005
Consistent with the affiliative social tuning
hypothesis, this
study showed that the desire to get along with another person shifted
participants' automatic attitudes toward the ostensible attitudes of that
person. In Experiment 1, the automatic ...
English Non-Fluency and Income Penalty for Hispanic Workers
Yang, Song
Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 59-80, Sept 2005
Using the 2001-2002 California Workforce Survey, this paper examines the income
gap between Hispanic & Caucasian workers. I attribute the income gap between
Hispanic & Caucasian workers to differentials in their human capital. However,
data analyses ...
Policing Political Protest when Politics Go Global: Comparing Public order
Policing in Canada and Bolivia
Sheptycki, James
Policing & Society, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 327-352, Sept 2005
... comparative analysis. The comparison is used to test a
hypothesis
that currently holds sway in the literature concerning public order policing
that suggests a trend away from "escalated force" towards "negotiated
management." While the evidence
A Changed America? The Effects of September 11th on Depressive Symptoms and
Alcohol Consumption
Knudsen, Hannah K.;
Roman, Paul M.;
Johnson, J. Aaron;
Ducharme, Lori J.
Journal of Health and Social Behavior, vol. 3, pp. 260-273, Sept 2005
In the weeks following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, social
commentators argued that America had profoundly "changed." In light of these
arguments & the literature on disasters, we examine the immediate & longer-term
mental health ...
Stress, Life Events, and Socioeconomic Disparities in Health: Results from
the Americans' Changing Lives Study
Lantz, Paula M.;
House, James S.;
Mero, Richard P.;
Williams, David R.
Journal of Health and Social Behavior, vol. 3, pp. 274-288, Sept 2005
... for exposure to stressors. The results support the
hypothesis
that differential exposure to stress & negative life events is one of many ways
in which socioeconomic inequalities in health are produced in society. 7 Tables,
48 References.
Environmental Stressors: The Mental Health Impacts of Living Near Industrial
Activity
Downey, Liam;
Van Willigen, Marieke
Journal of Health and Social Behavior, vol. 3, pp. 289-305, Sept 2005
A growing literature examines whether the poor, the working class, & people of
color are disproportionately likely to live in environmentally hazardous
neighborhoods. This literature assumes that environmental characteristics such
as industrial
Not online
The Theory That Won't Die: From Mass Society to the Decline of Social Capital
Thomson, Irene Taviss
Sociological Forum, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 421-448, Sept 2005
Though it lacks adequate empirical support, the hypothesis of
declining social attachments as a source of American social problems persists.
Both mass society theory in the mid-twentieth century & the theory of declining
social capital in ...
Preferences for Job Attributes Associated with Work and Family: A
Longitudinal Study of Career Outcomes
Konrad, Alison M.;
Yang, Yang;
Goldberg, Caren;
Sullivan, Sherry E.
Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, vol. 53, no. 5-6, pp. 303-315, Sept 2005
We examined the relationship between family responsibilities, job attribute
preferences, & career-related outcomes (salary, management level, job
satisfaction) in a longitudinal study of 171 women & men students in the same
MBA program. Findings ...
Gender Differences in Self-Reports of Depression: The Response Bias
Hypothesis Revisited
Sigmon, Sandra T.;
Pells, Jennifer J.;
Boulard, Nina E.;
Whitcomb-Smith, Stacy;
Edenfield, Teresa M.;
Hermann, Barbara A.;
LaMattina, Stephanie M.;
Schartel, Janell G.;
Kubik, Elizabeth
Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, vol. 53, no. 5-6, pp. 401-411, Sept 2005
This study was designed to revisit the response bias
hypothesis,
which posits that gender differences in depression prevalence rates may reflect
a tendency for men to underreport depressive symptoms. In this study, we
examined aspects of gender ...
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A Comprehensive Profile of the Working Poor
Gleicher, David;
Stevans, Lonnie K.
Labour, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 517-529, Sept 2005
In this paper, a comprehensive profile of the 'working poor' is presented using
data from the 2003 March Supplement of the Current Population Survey. We test an
earnings model with effective cost constraints. The dependent variable is the
likelihood
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Mating Context and Menstrual Phase Affect Women's Preferences for Male Voice
Pitch
Puts, David Andrew
Evolution and Human Behavior, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 388-397, Sept 2005
... preferences for men's voices, the present study tests the
hypothesis
that female choice for good genes influenced the evolution of male voice pitch
(VP). Unlike previous correlational studies that did not consider the effects of
menstrual phase
Not online
Facial Masculinity Is Related to Perceived Age but Not Perceived Health
Boothroyd, Lynda G.;
Jones, Ben C.;
Burt, D. Michael;
Cornwell, R. Elisabeth;
Little, Anthony C.;
Tiddeman, Bernard P.;
Perrett, David I.
Evolution and Human Behavior, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 417-431, Sept 2005
Variation in women's preferences for male facial masculinity may reflect
variation in attraction to immunocompetence or to maturity. This paper reports
two studies on (a) the interrelationships between women's preferences for
masculinity, apparent