BIO 100
CHAPTER 34: THE BIOSPHERE: AN INTRODUCTION TO EARTH'S DIVERSE ENVIRONMENTS
STUDY GUIDE (Modules 1-18)
MODULE 34.1
1. What is the primary source of energy for hydrothermal vent communities?
Answer:
*2. In which of the following choices are levels of organization arranged from
the most to least inclusive? community, population, ecosystem;
population, community, ecosystem; community, ecosystem, population;
population, ecosystem, community; or ecosystem, community, population;
Answer:
*3. Which of the following levels of ecological organization includes abiotic
factors: community, population, species, symbioses, or ecosystem?
Answer:
MODULE 34.2
*4. As you walk through the backyard of your home, you notice birds on trees,
looking closely you notice earthworms crawling in some damp soil composed mostly
of humus, looking up beside a pine tree, you notice algae growing on the bark,
and below on the ground, you observe some fungi growing on decaying logs. Based
upon these observations, you can say that each of the above organisms occupies
which one of the following: biome, ecosystem, biosphere, abiome, or habitat?
Answer:
*5. What is being described: the sum of all Earth's ecosystems?
Answer:
MODULE 34.3
*6. Name the author and the book mentioned in the chapter that deals with environmental
effects of pesticides.
Answer:
MODULE 34.4
*7. Which of the following environmental factors usually has the greatest direct
effect on an organism's rate of water loss by evaporation: soil type, wind,
fires, hurricanes, and tornadoes, or moisture?
Answer:
*8. In many dense forests, plants living near the ground level engage in intense
competition for which of the following? water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, or sunlight?
Answer:.
MODULE 34.5
9. What is the primary reason why a hot spring will kill a fish placed in it,
while at the same time, certain bacteria live there?
Answer:
*10. Which one of the following would not be
an accurate description of adaptations of pronghorns: Adaptations that include
a reflective coat, an ability to find small pools of water, and chemical defenses
against most predators. Adaptations open country can be a disadvantage in a
densely forested environment. Adaptations to the open plains and shrub deserts
of North America have helped them spread to nearly every continent. Adaptations
demonstrate that meeting the demands of local environmental conditions helps
organisms extend their ranges to other types of environments.
Answer:
MODULE 34.6
*11. In terms of global air circulation, which regions would be characterized
as a region where air rises and cools, dropping rain?
Answer:
12.TRUE or FALSE: When people speak of the "rain shadow" of the California
Coast Range, they are referring to scarcity of rain on the eastern flank and
adjacent lowlands compared to the western flank.
Answer:
*13. What major world biomes are located at latitudes where cold, dry air moving
toward the poles descend?
Answer:
MODULE 34.7
*14. KEYING OUT INFORMATION: USE THE FOLLOWING KEY TO IDENTIFY THE DESCRIPTIONS
THAT FOLLOW. KEY: INTERTIDAL,ESTUARY, PELAGIC,
BENTHIC APHOTIC, PHOTIC
A. Freshwater and seawater mix?
B. A sperm whale is located in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean?
C. The both biologically the most productive and physically
most demanding?
D. The ocean floor; little or no light penetrates; simple animals, and plants
?
E. No photosynthesis,
Answers:
MODULE 34.8
*15. Which one of the following is the best description of of a river: usually at its source compared with farther downstream: has less phytoplankton, is warmer, is murkier, is wider, or flows more slowly?
Answer:
16. Explain why runoff from fertilized agricultural fields, even if free of
pesticides, are often harmful to the ecosystems of temperate lakes?
Answer:
MODUEL 34.9
*17. Species in widely separated biomes often appear similar because of which
one of the following: mutations, dominance, evolutionary drift, co evolution,
or convergence?
Answer:
*18. TRUE OR FALSE: Select the one true statement about the major t terrestrial
ecosystem covering the Earth. Fire is very important in some biomes. Most natural
biomes are unaffected by human activity. Most biomes are characterized by a
particular group of species. Each of the nine major biomes is restricted to
just one or two continents. The major factors affecting the distribution of
biomes are wind and sunlight.
Answer:
MODULE 34.10
*19. Name the most diverse terrestrial biome( in terms of the highest number
of different kinds of species.
Answer:
20. TRUE or FALSE: concerning tropical forests: Once stripped, tropical rain
forests regrow quickly, although with slightly less diversity.
Answer:
*21. The kind of vegetation in a tropical rain forest is generally determined by the amount of: rainfall, nitrogen in the soil, carbon dioxide in the air, minerals in the soil, or light?
Answer:
MODULE 34.11
*22. Inside of a museum, one views a video on a single hunting camp in Africa.
Some portions of the video showed the following: heads of 15 species of hoofed
mammals, greases and scattered trees. All shot within a day's walk of a single
hunting camp in Africa. This camp was probably located in which of the following:
a desert, a chaparral, a tropical rain forest, a tropical deciduous forest,
or a savanna?
Answer:
*23. Select from among the following the dominant herbivores in savannas: worms, giraffes, antelopes, insects, or gophers?
Answer:
MODULES 34.11,13,14,15,17
*24. Determine which of the following is/are correctly or incorrectly paired:
A. tundra----- very cold winters; only the upper layer of the soil thaws (permafrost)
thaws during summer
B. savanna ---- long, cold winters, vegetation dominated by conifers
C. chaparral---mild, rainy winters; long, hot, dry summers
D. temperate grassland ---cool to cold winters, dry summers
E. temperate forest - cold winters, moderate to high rainfall, predominantly
dicot vegetation
Answers:
MODULE 34.12
*25. Which one of the following statements if false concerning the deserts and the organisms that live there: Desert animals are typically nocturnal. Growth and reproduction is keyed to rainfall. Plants typically produce very few seeds. Air temperature in cold deserts, such as those west of the ROcky Mountains, may fall below -30 degrees C. The long grooves of the saguaro cactus allow the plant to swell with water during wet periods.
Answer:
MODULE 34.14
*26. In which biome would you expect to find the highest abundance of large grazing mammals?
Answer:
*27. Within the United States, most of the best agricultural soils occur in
what former areas?
Answer:
*28. Identify the two factors that help to perpetuate temperate grasslands, such as the American prairies, and prevent them from becoming woodlands.
Answers:
MODULE 34.15
*29. Which of the followings statements are true regarding temperate
forests: Trees typically have a growing season of 5-6 months. Oak, hickory,
birch, beech, and maple are very common. There is a wide range of temperatures
over the course of a year. Temperate deciduous forests are less open than tropical
rain forests. Before European settlement, the dominant biome in eastern North
America was temperate forest.
Answer:
MODULE 34.16
*30 . Name the biome that is dominated by coniferous trees that are adapted to
survive long harsh winters and wet summers.
Answer:
*31. Select from among the following the ones that are features of coniferous
forests: They may experience considerable precipitation,but usually in the form
of snow. They are the larges terrestrial biome. They have long, cold winters
and short, wet summers that are sometimes warm. They have soils that are usually
nutrient-poor.
Answer:
MODULE 34.17
*32.. What is the single most vital factor that is basically responsible for the character of arctic tundra soils
Answer:.
*33 . Among the following, which one generally has the shortest growing season:
taiga, temperate grassland, chaparral, deciduous forest, savanna?
Answer
MODULE 34.18:
34. The main organizing force of the tropical forests in Puerto Rico is: rainfall, hurricanes, termites, or temperature?
Answer:
*35. What is the major factor in tropical deforestation?
Answer: