BIO 1030 Chapter 7: Lymphatic System and Immunity - Study Guide
1. Choose the following statements that most accurately describes viruses: They contain a protein coat called a capsid. They may contain a DNA genome or a RNA genome but not both. They are acellular. They are obligate intracellular parasites. They reproduce only inside a host cell.
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2. Which one of the following is an explanation as to why viruses multiply in cells: The mitochodria become new viruses. The cell offers nutrients and protection. The cell's DNA directs the synthesis of new viruses. Viral DNA instructs the cell to produce more of the virus.
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3. Choose the most accurate statement concerning bacteria: All bacteria are harmful. Bacteria have membrane-bound DNA. They reproduce by binary fission. They are eukaryotic. They come in four basic shapes.
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*4. Identify the cellular process that the antibiotic penicillin blocks; and therefore, makes it able to work effectively against bacteria ?
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*5. Which one of the following is an accurate description of lymphatic vessels? They return lymph to the aorta. They return lymph to the heart. They return lymph to the esophagus. They return lymph to the right and left subclavian veins.
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6. Which of the following are chemical barriers to pathogen entry to the body: acidic pH of the stomach, oily secretions of sebaceous glands in the skin, or lysozymes found in perspiration, saliva and tears?
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7. Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system: helps the body defend against disease, absorbs fats in the intestine and return them to the bloodstream or takes up excess tissue fluids, returning it to the bloodstream?
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8. True or false: (If false, make the statement true.)The part of the antibody which forms the antigen-binding site is the constant region
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9. True or false: (If false, make the statement true.) An antibody can be produced to attach to a new antigen because of changes made in the variable region.
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*10. Match an organ to the following descriptions of location: A. In the intestinal wall B. Superior to the heart, posterior to the sternum C. Arranged in rings around the pharynx D. Occur along lymphatic vessels E. Upper left abdominal cavity, posterior to the stomach
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*11. Identify two of the working cells in the lymph nodes that engulf pathogens and fight infections.
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12. Which of the following is a function of the secondary lymphatic organs: transport lymph, located where lymphocytes encounter antigens, or clonal selection of B cells>
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13. What do the following have in common: skull, sternum, ribs and pelvic bones?
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*14. Which of the following is included within nonspecific defenses: protective proteins, barriers to entry, inflammatory reactions or natural killer cells?
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*15. To what process are the following associated: pain, swelling, heat and redness?
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*16. In an inflammatory reaction, which of the following cells is first to act: mast cells, dendritic cells, macrophages or neutrophils?
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*17. Which one of the following is most directly responsible for the increase in capillary permeability during the inflammatory reaction: pain, white blood cells, histamine, or tissue damage?
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*18. Which of the following is not considered a nonspecific defense mechanism against infection: stomach acids, antibodies in mother's milk, skin, mucus in respiratory tract, or normal bacteria in the intestine?
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*19. Which of the following statement is not true regarding the inflammatory reaction? The skin becomes reddened and swollen. Neutrophils phagocytize bacteria in the wound. Histamines cause capillaries to dilate. Neutrophils change into macrophages that act as scavengers. Increased capillary permeability causes more proteins and fluids to escape.
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20. Which one of the following is true regarding interferon? It is a protein that offers protection against the flu vaccine. It is a protein that provides protection against viral infections. It is a protein that offers protection against all types of infections. It is a protein that provides protection against all types of allergies.
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*21.What is being described: "Any foreign substance that stimulates the immune system?
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*22. Which of the following pertains to T cells? They have specific receptors. They stimulate antibody production by B cells. There is more than one type. They are responsible for antibody-mediated immunity. (REMEMBER< THERE IS MORE THAN ONE KIND OF T-LYMPHOCYTE)!!!
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23. Which of the following is a true description of BCRs: activate a B cell when it binds to a specific antigen, are found in the plasma membrane, or are B cells receptors?
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*24. Which of the following is in the correct order: A) Antigen binds to BCR; B cell divides; B cell activated; plasma cells form. B) B cell activated; antigen binds to BCR; B cell divides; plasma cells form. C) Antigen binds to BCR; B cell activated; B cell divides; plasma cells form. D) Plasma cells form; B cell activated; B cell divides; antigen binds to BCR.
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25. Which class of antibodies is prevent in the greatest amount in human serum?
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*26. Allergies are associated with increase in the concentration of which type of antibody?
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*27. Where do lymphocytes travel to become mature T lymphocytes?
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*28. True or false: (If false, make the statement true.) When T cells undergo clonal expansion, the resulting cells are either cytotoxic T cell or helper T cells depending on what type of MCH protein was presented.
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*29. What specific kind of white blood cell is about to be describe? have receptor cites, stimulate and suppress B cells, are responsible for cell-mediated immunity?
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*30. What is about to be described? A mature B cell that mass produces antibodies?
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*31. (A)What is programmed cell death called? (B)name two diseases that could occur if this process does not occur as it should.
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B.
*32. Select from among the following T cells the one that is responsible for directing the immune response: T lymphocyte, suppressor T cell, helper T cell, memory T cell, or cytotoxic T cell?
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*33. A vaccine contains: penicillin, horse serum, treated antigens, or antibodies?
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*34.(A) Prepared antibodies give temporary immunity. This is part of which type of immunity? (B) Response to antigens give long term immunity. This is part of which kind of immunity?
Answer: A B
*35.Which of the following describe(s) what happens during a secondary immune response? B cells become plasma cells. Antibody production lasts longer than in a primary response. Antibodies are made quickly and in great amounts.
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36. Which of the following types of immune responses would not be advantageous to an individual: allergic, cell-mediated, inflammatory, or autoimmune? (HINT: more than one answer)
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*37. Which allergic reaction (immediate, or delayed) describes anaphylactic shock?
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*38.Which of the following would be true regarding a secondary immune response? Antibody production lasts longer than in a primary response. Antibodies are made quickly and in great amounts.
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*39. Name two ways that active immunity may be produced.
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*40. Given the following list of descriptions, match each one with either B cells, T cells or both B and T cells
A. are of more than one type B. have passed through the thymus gland C. have specific receptors D. are responsible for cell-mediated immunity E. synthesize and liberate antibodies F. stimulate antibody production by B cells G. are responsible for antibody-mediated immunity
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A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.