Chapter 17: Development and Aging: Study Guide #17
1. Complete the following descriptions by supplying the correct term or terms:
A. The processes and stages that a single fertilized cell undergoes to become a complex human being? B. The entrance of more than one sperm into an egg? C. A process by which tissues are shaped into organs? D. The structure that provides food for the developing embryo in birds; while in humans this structure is present (contains no yolk) but is the first site of blood cell formation? E. Contains fluid; serves for insulation/protection, acts as a shock absorber and prevents the uterine wall from cramping the fetus?
Answers.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
2. Which of the following would be an accurate description of what happens immediately after fertilization: the zygote begins to travel through the oviduct , divide, expand with water, or disintegrate:
Answer (more than one choice)
3. What is being described in the following description: frequent urination, cessation of menstruation, morning sickness, increase in breast size, and the presence of HCG?
Answer:
4. What is the difference between an ectopic pregnancy and endometriosis?
Answer:
5.Identify the following descriptions by supplying the correct term or terms: A. the process by which cells take on a specific structure and function? B. the process by which the different parts of the embryo take shape?
Answer:
A.
B.
6. Using the terms ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, properly categorize the following events or occurrences: A The nervous system and the epidermis of the skin are derived? B. Muscles and connective tissues such as one are derived? C. The digestive tract lining, bronchi, and lungs are derived? D. The trachea, gallbladder and urethra develop? E. cartilage, and blood develop? F. The brain, spinal cord, ganglia and nerves develop? G. The linings of the nose, mouth, and anus develop?.
Answer:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
7. Which of the following are accurate descriptions of the placenta? Molecular exchange takes place. It develops from fetal membranes and maternal tissues. Formed from the chorine and uterine tissues and becomes the membrane of fetal blood exchange?
Answer:
8. What is being described: A. The connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta in fetal life? B. The opening between the left and right atria which exists during fetal life?
Answer:
A.
B.
9. Which of the following would be a function of the arterial duct and the oval opening: shunt blood from the system circuit to the pulmonary circuit, bypass the nonfunctional fetal lungs, or to cause increased blood pressure in the pulmonary circuit?
Answer:
10. Name the extra embryonic membrane that contributes to the circulatory system.
Answer:
11. The placenta has functions similar to all of the following organs for the fetus except which of the following? lungs, kidneys, digestive system, or immune system?
Answer:
12. Which of the following systems is the first and second (respectively) to develop in the embryo: reproductive, cardiovascular, digestive, respiratory, or nervous?
Answer:
13. Which of the following pairs or systems lists an earlier-developing system, before a later-developing system: reproductive----nervous; respiratory ---- circulatory; nervous ---- excretory, or reproductive ---- circulatory?
Answer:
14. Supply the missing information by using terms such as number of days, weeks and months. A. Fetal development begins to occur? B. The sex of the fetus can first be distinguished? C. The neural folds can be seen forming? D. In the embryo, bone replaces cartilage? E. The fetal heartbeat is first loud enough to be heard by a physician with a stethoscope? F. By the end of _____ typically, an embryo's toes and fingers are present? G. By the end of _____, all major organs have appeared in the fetus?
Answer:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
15. Which of the following can cause "blue baby" syndrome? lack of fully oxygenated blood from the mother, persistence of the oval opening, a poorly developed heart wall, or lack of valve differentiation?
Answer:
16. Which of the following would be an accurate description of the umbilical cord: transports waste to the fetus, transports oxygen to the placenta, contains umbilical arteries and veins?
Answer:
17. Use the terms TRUE and FALSE to describe each of the following statements: (A)The SRY gene can be found in both XX males and XY females. (B)In androgen insensitivity syndrome, an XY individual will appear externally as a female because receptors for testosterone are absent.
Answer:A. ____________________ B. _______________________
18. During which time period are males and females still indistinguishable?
Answer:
19. Which of the following stimulates genital formation in males: Y chromosome, testosterone, or androgenic hormones? (BE CAREFUL!!!)
Answer:
20. Which of these systems is NOT functional in the early fetus: nervous, immune, circulatory, or reproductive?
Answer:
21. Which of these is an accurate description of the umbilical artery: carries oxygen-rich blood to the fetus, carries oxygen-poor blood to the placenta, enters the liver joining the venus duct, carries nutrient-rich blood to the fetus.
Answer:
22. Which of the following does NOT cause weight gain during pregnancy: increased blood volume, increased fluid retention, enlargement of the uterus, enlargement of the bladder?
Answer:
23. What are Barton contractions?
Answer:
24. What is the difference between gestation and parturition?
Answer:
25. Identify the hormone that directly stimulates the contraction of the uterine smooth muscle? What is its source?
Answer:
26. Why is the onset and continuation of labor best described as a positive feedback cycle?
Answer:
27. Choose the correct pairing of term to its meaning: parturition; differentiation; rupture/amniotic membrane; gestation; effacement; "taking up the cervix".
Answer:
28. Use the terms first stage, second stage and third stage to identify the following events or occurrences: A. Contractions are normally 1-2 minutes apart? B. The afterbirth is delivered ? C. The cervix begins to dilate?
Answer:
29. What is being described: the surgical procedure to enlarge the birth canal?
Answer:
30. Name the organ that an deposition is performed?
Answer:
31.What is the afterbirth?
Answer:
32. Which one of the following is the correct sequence of events during childbirth: cervical dilation, birth, placenta delivered; placenta delivered, birth, cervical dilation; placenta delivered, cervical dilation, birth; birth, cervical dilation,placenta delivered.
Answer:
33. Which of the following processes contribute to aging: decline in hormone receptor molecules, gradual immune deficiency, cross-linking of collagen fibers, or inadequate diet and exercise?
Answer:
34. Which of the following hormones can be administered to start the process of childbirth: testosterone, percolating, boxthorn or estrogen?
Answer:
35. Which of the following statements is correct? Fetal circulation, like adult circulation, takes blood equally to a pulmonary circuit and a systemic circuit. Unlike adult circulation, fetal blood always carries oxygen-rich blood and therefore has no need for the pulmonary circuit. Fetal circulation includes exchange of substances between fetal blood and maternal blood at the placenta. Fetal circulation shunts blood away from the lungs but makes full use of the systemic circuit.
Answer:
36. What is an ectopic pregnancy?
Answer: