Chapter 13: Nervous System
Self-Directed Study Guide
1. Identify the following based on the description given:
A. The neuroglia cells that contribute to the formation of the myelin sheaths in the PNS?
B. Regulates body temperature, thirst, and controls the functions of the pituitary gland?
C. Organs that comprise the CNS?
Answer: A.
B.
C.
2. Repolarization of an axon during an action potential is produced by which of the following: inward diffusion of Na+, active extrusion of K+, outward diffusion of K+, or inward active transport of Na+ ?
Answer:
3. Choose from among the following, those general differences between the actions of the endocrine system as compared to the nervous system
A. The endocrine system is slower.
B. The endocrine system secretes hormones.
C. The endocrine system is shorter lasting.
Answer:
4. Identify what is being described: A. the cell type that transmit information? B. Cells which have various functions related to support, protection, and nourishment? C. neuron that conducts information away from the CNS out to effectors? D. Neuron that functions as a connection between neurons? E. Neuron that conducts information from receptor to the CNS? F. a covering on a nerve that increases the rate of impulse conduction?
Answer:
A B C D
E F
5. The portions of an axon that does not contain myelin are referred to by what name?
Answer:
6. What is being described: A. the region of a neuron which contains the nucleus and most of the intracellular structures? B. the portion of the neuron that conducts impulses away from the cell body? C. the portion of the neuron that conducts impulses toward the cell body after receiving them from other neurons?
Answer:
7. Identify from among the following, the phrases or statements, or questions that are true.
A. Nerve impulse conveys information along a neuronal membrane.
B. A resting potential is created by an electrical gradient, or charge difference, across a neuronal membrane.
C. The outer covering of some neuronal axons which is composed of lipid material is called the myelin sheath.
D. Unmyelinated neurons conduct impulses faster than do myelinated ones.
E. The time during which the ion channels will not open to induce a second action potential is called the refractory period.
Answer:
8. Which of these correctly describes the distribution of ions on either side of an axon when it is not conducting a nerve impulse?
A. more sodium ions outside and more potassium ions inside
B. more potassium ions outside and less sodium ions inside
C. charged protein outside, sodium and potassium ions on the inside
D. sodium and potassium ions outside and water only inside
E. chlorine ions on outside and potassium and sodium ions on inside
Answer:
9. Label diagram #33 on page 272.
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10. TRUE or FALSE
A. The tern effectors does not pertain to neurons.
B. The myelin sheath is formed by Schwann cells.
Answer:
11. Which one of the following is not a function of the hypothalamus: regulates body temperature, regulate thirst, controls skeletal muscles, or controls the pituitary gland?
Answer:
12. Which of the following would be true regarding a reflex arc?
A. always involves the spinal cord
B. occurs only in the arms and legs
C. allows a quicker response than voluntary movement
D. usually involves only one sensory and one motor neuron
Answer:
13. Choose the incorrect statement: The cerebrum is the same as the cerebral hemispheres. The cerebellum is the same thing as the cerebrum. Broca's area is responsible for motor speech. The premotor area organizes motor functions. Association areas integrate information.
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14. Which one of the following is the function of the basal nuclei? receives sensory input, integrates motor commands, or plans our actions and is the center of conscious thought processes.
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15. Name the region of the cerebrum that is responsible for planning our actions and is the center of conscious thought processes.
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16. Which of the following is(are) involved in the transmission of a nerve impulse along one neuron to another neuron: the presence of ions, a synapse, or a neurotransmitter substance?
Answer:
17. TRUE or FALSE
A. Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter at some of the synapses in the sympathetic system.
B. Transmission, or the movement of neurotransmitters across a synapse (synaptic cleft) is accomplished by diffusion.
C. The brain is protected by which of the following: cerebrospinal fluid, membranes called meninges, and bone.
D. The interconnecting cavities within the brain which produce and circulate CSF are called ventricles.
E. Descending tracts of the spinal cord are motor neurons.
F. Ascending tracts of the spinal cord are sensory neurons.
G. In paraplegia the legs are paralyzed.
H. In quadriplegia all four limbs are affected.
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18. Choose the correct pairing: A. white matte; cell bodies of neurons B. gray matter; tracts of axons of neurons C. white matter; tracts of axons of neurons D. gray matter; cell bodies of neurons
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19. Which of the following is the correct pairing? A. diencephalons; thalamus, hypothalamus B. brain stem; midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata C. reticular formation; network of neurons running from the brain stem to the cortex
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20. Which one of the following is mismatched: A. CNS -brain and spinal cord B. PNS-peripheral nervous system C. CNS - autonomic system D. PNS - sympathetic system
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21. TRUE or FALSE
A. The primary functions of the spinal cord are simple reflexes and a link between the brain and the body.
B. The autonomic nervous system self regulates organs of the body, has preganglionic and postganglionic fibers, is a part of the peripheral nervous system, or has cell bodies in both the spinal cord and in ganglia.
C. Most organs are innervated by antagonistic parts of the autonomic system. This is because one accelerates and one inhibits actions of the organ.
D. Muscle coordination and maintenance of muscle tone and posture are controlled by the cerebellum.
E. The largest portion of the brain, and that part responsible for consciousness is the cerebellum.
Answer:
22. What is being described: the nervous system division composed of mixed nerves that serve the musculoskeletal system and the exterior sense organs, including the skin?
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23. Give the location for the following centers
A. Reflex centers for visual, auditory, and tactile responses
B. Vital centers for regulating heartbeat, breathing and vasoconstriction
C. Control center for homeostasis
D. Consciousness
E. Hearing
Answer:
24. TRUE or FALSE
A. When the dorsal root of a spinal nerve is cut, the ability to move is lost. __________
B. The vagus nerve is a cranial nerve that innervates internal organs.____
C. The left side of the cerebrum controls the right side of the body._____
D. The right side of the cerebrum controls the left side of the body._____
E. THe two cerebral hemispheres share information via the corpus callosum._______
F. The frontal lobe is associated with complex problem solving._____
G. Wernicke's area in the brain functions in comprehension of speech._______
H. The region of the brain called the amygdala is involved in fear conditioning._______
I. When the ventral root of a spinal nerve is cut, the ability to move is lost.________
Answer:(Place in spaces provided above).
25. Identify each of the following types of memory:
A. recall of persons, events __________________________________
B. recall of motor activities __________________________________
C. recall of numbers, words _________________________________
Answer: (Place answers in spaces provided above.)
26. TRUE or FALSE
A. Long-term potentiation involves the hippocampus.______
B. The limbic system integrates emotions, and higher thought._____
C. Memory is the ability to recall information.______
D. Learning is retaining past memories._______
E. Swellings of cell bodies in the CNS are called ganglia.______
F. Swellings of cell bodies in the PNS are called nuclei._______
G. Axons in the CNS form nerves.______
H. Axons in the CNS form tracts.______
Answer: (Place answers in spaces above).
28. With respect to the spinal cord, where are the cell bodies of motor neurons located?
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27. Select the correct choice: The dorsal root of a spinal nerve contains ( motor neurons, interneurons, or sensory neurons).
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28. Which division of the PNS innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands:( somatic, or autonomic)?
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29. Which division of the autonomic nervous system mediates the fight or flight responses?
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30. The parasympathetic nervous system mediates which of the following: ( "rest-and-digest" or "fight-or-flight")?
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31. TRUE or FALSE
A. A nerve is composed of the long fibers of a number of neurons._____
B. Spinal nerves contain sensory and motor fibers._______
C. Efferent nerves in the somatic system carry impulses away from the CNS .________
D. A reflex action is quick.______
E. A reflex action is an automatic, involuntary response.________
F. Cirrhosis of the liver may be associated with alcohol.________
G. Alzheimer's Disease is characterized by neurofibrillary tangles and the development of plaques.__________
H. A person with Parkinson's Disease is likely to exhibit shuffling gait, tremors of fingers.__________
Answer:(Place answers in spaces above).
32. Which of the following is the correct pairing: A. morphine; derivative of heroin B. marijuana; derived from Cannibus sativa
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33. How does the spinal cord communicate with the brain?
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34 When you remove your hand from a hot stove, which system is least likely to be involved? somatic system, autonomic system, central nervous system, or the peripheral nervous system?
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35. Select from among the following the one that would be covered by a myelin sheath: short dendrites, globular cell bodies, long axons, or interneurons?
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36. Which of the following is/are correct description(s) of synaptic vesicles: They are located at the ends of dendrites and axons. They are located at the ends of axons only. They are located along the length of all long fibers.
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37. What is being described: takes impulses both to and away from the CNS?
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38. Name the first and the last element in a spinal reflex.
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39. Name, or list three functions of the hypothalamus.
Answer:
A.
B.
C.
40. Which one of the following is missing in the spinal cord: tracts, the dorsal root, association areas, white matter area, or the central canal? BE CAREFUL!!
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41. TRUE or FALSE: A drug that inactivates acetylcholinesterase increases the ability of ACh to stimulate muscle contraction.
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42. What neurological process is being described: precedes neuron firing, sums up excitatory and inhibitory signals, involves synapses and is dependent on neurotransmitters.
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43. Which of the following fibers release norepinephrine? preganglionic sympathetic axons, preganglionic parasympathetic axons, postganglionic sympathetic axons, or postganglionic parasympathetic axons
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44. In terms of (A) location and (B) function, how do Broca's area and Wernicke's area differ?
A.
B.
45. Which one of the following is not a sympathetic division of the autonomic system function: an increase in heart rate, dilation of bronchioles, the GI tract to digest food, the liver to release glucose from glycogen, constriction of pupils?
Answer: