Chapter 15: The Endocrine System
Study Guide
1. What name is used to describe glands that secrete products directly into the bloodstream?
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2. Give the site of secretion of
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A B C D
E F G
H
3. Which of the following is/are not true about hormones? They are secreted into the bloodstream. They may be effective in very low concentrations. They have a slower effect than that mediated by the nervous system. They are never secreted in response to exterior stimuli.
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4. Which one of the following is not an endocrine gland? pancreas, adrenal glands, lymph node, thyroid gland, or pituitary gland ?
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5. What is the name of the brain structure that serves as the major autonomic control center for endocrine functions?
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6. Which one of the following organs is not stimulated by the anterior pituitary gland: thyroid, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, testes and ovaries, or mammary glands?
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7. Hypersecretion of the thyroid often results in edema and bulging of the eyeballs. What is the name of this condition?
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8. Excess secretion from which gland can cause a person to be thin, hyperactive, always hungry, and irritable?
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9. Weakened bones can result from an excess secretion by which gland?
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10. Which one of the following could result if there is an absence of parathyroid hormone: lethargy and hair loss, convulsions (tetany), sleepiness, or mental retardation?
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11. Which of
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12. When the blood volume is high, the cardiac cells will release what hormone into the bloodstream? What should be the result?
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13. What would a doctor most likely administer an injection of in an emergency situation where the rate of heartbeat decreases?
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14. When epinephrine is released from the adrenal medulla, which of the following does not occur? Digestion increases. Blood glucose levels rise. Blood vessels in the intestine constrict. The metabolic rate of the body increases.
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15. The circus lady with a beard most likely has which one of the following: Turner's syndrome, diabetes insipid us, congenitally enlarged testes, or has a malfunctioning adrenal cortex?
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16. Which of the following is/are symptoms of Cushing syndrome: hypertension, facial edema, low glucose concentration in the blood,.
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17. What is the major effect of insulin on the body?
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18. Which of the following reproductive organs is also considered an endocrine gland: prostate gland, bulbourethral gland, seminal vesicles, or testes?
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19. Which one of the following best describes a chemical messenger that acts between individuals: histamine, cAMP, pheromones, prostaglandin, or second messengers?
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20. From a chemical point of view, what are the two basic classes of hormones?
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21.The hypothalamus is involved in autonomic control by influencing which of the following: release of epinephrine, norepinephrine. The production of ADH. Pituitary hormone. Salt/water and blood glucose concentration?
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22. Which one of the following is not true about steroid hormones? Estrogen is a steroid hormone. Steroids do not bind to cell membrane r receptors. The hormone-receptor complex can enter the nucleus. The hormone-receptor complex can bind to chromatin. Steroids generally act faster than peptide hormones.
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23. Select from among the following: The hormone that is considered a first messenger is ______ and the hormone that is considered a second messenger is ________ (insulin/ glucagon ACTH/ cortisol TSH/thyroxin Glucose/insulin Epinephrine/ cAMP)
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24. Why is epinephrine often referred to as a 'first' messenger?
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25. Where is the receptor sites for steroid hormones found, or located in relation to the cell?
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26. Identify four common responses to stress.
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A.
B.
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D.
27. ________ is released through positive feedback and causes _______. (HINT: use two different hormones for the first blank and two different causes for the second blank.
A.______________________________ B. _____________________________
28. Which of these is not a pair of antagonistic hormones: insulin----glucagon; aldosterone --- atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH); calcitonin --- parathyroid hormone (PTH); cortisol --- epinephrine
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29. Which hormone and condition is mismatched? insulin---diabetes; thryoxine --- goiter; cortisol---myxedema; growth hormone --- acromegaly; parathyroid hormone --- tetany.
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30. Complete the diagram #39 on page 318.
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a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
31. In terms of chemical imbalance within the blood, what chemicals would be out of balance due to a lack of aldosterone? HINT: THREE CHEMICALS
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32. Diabetes mellitus is associated with which of the following: blood that is too dilute, high blood glucose level, or too much insulin in the blood?
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33. Distinguish the following: duct and a ductless gland. (B) Cite two examples of each.
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A.
B.