BIO 100
CHAPTER ONE:BIOLOGY: EXPLORING LIFE
Self-Directed Study Guide.
1. Which of the following levels of biological organization includes all others in the list: cell, molecule, organ, or tissue?
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2. What is being described in the following situation: a tree in your front yard is home to two Robins, a colony of ants, a wasp's nest, three squirrels, and an enormous amount of bacteria?
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3. Which of the following statements about ecosystems are true? Bacteria and fungi recycle energy within an ecosystem. Plants and other photosynthetic organisms are producers in ecosystems. In the process of energy conversion within an ecosystem, energy is eventually converted to heat. Chemical nutrients cycle within an ecosystem's structural web. The "web of relationships" within an ecosystem includes the nonliving components of the environment.
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4. A consumer eating a producer is representative of which one of the following: a transfer of chemical nutrients but not a transfer of energy; a transfer of chemical nutrients and energy; a transfer of energy but not a transfer of chemical nutrients
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5 . What do the following have in common? Cells respond to the environment.
Cells regulate their internal environment. Cells take in an use energy. Cells
develop and maintain complex organization.
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6 . If you were asked to describe a prokaryotic cell under your microscope,
which of the following would you expect to find? A cell with a nucleus. A
cell with a cell membrane, Cells that comprise the tissues of your body. A
cell that does not use DNA to code genetic information. A cell that is much
smaller than most cells in your body?
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7. What molecule is the chemical basis for all of life's kinship?
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8. Which one of the following is not a kingdom within the Domain Eukarya? , Monera, Fungi, Protista, or Anamilia?
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9. In the scheme of classification,
what is the name of the level just below the domain? What are the five
different categories within this level?
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10. Which one of the following reasons most accurately describes
why Amoebas and bacteria are grouped into different domains: amoebas eat bacteria.
bacteria decompose amoebas. amoebas are photosynthetic. bacterial cells lack
a nucleus. bacteria are not made of cells.
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11. Given the following descriptions, match each one with a particular kingdom.
12. Which three of the following levels of biological organization include only living things: species, population, community, ecosystem, ecosphere (biosphere)?
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13. A biologist studying interactions among the protists in Gillis Lake is not working at which level in life's hierarchy: the population level, the organism level, the molecular level, the community level, or the organ level?
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14. You are an aspiring botanist. During a routine observation of a group of cells under the microscope, you notice the presence of nuclei within these cells. You explored these cells further through a series of chemical tests. One of the results of the chemical testing revealed that each cell is surrounded by a wall composed of cellulose. You would conclude from all of your observations that the cells must come from an organism that is a member of which Kingdom?
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15. What is being described in the following situations: A. a tentative answer to some question B. If all vertebrates have backbones, and turtles are vertebrates, then turtles have backbones.
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16. If a light switch is moved from the "off" to the "on" position, then the light will go on. What can be said about this statement? It could represent a conclusion. It is the result of deductive reasoning. It can be tested. It can be falsified.
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17. Among the following statements,
which one best distinguishes hypotheses from theories in
science: Theories are hypotheses that have been proved. Hypotheses are tentative
guesses; theories are correct answers to questions about nature. Hypotheses
usually are narrow in scope; theories have broad explanatory power. Hypotheses
and theories are different terms for essentially the same things in science.
Theories are proved true in all cases; hypotheses are usually falsified by
tests.
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18. What is the e role of a control in an experiment?.
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19. What is a controlled experiment?
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20. In order to scientifically valid, a hypothesis must meet two conditions. Identify these two conditions.
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21. Which one of the following statements is correct? Genes are proteins that produce DNA. Differences among organisms reflect different nucleotide sequences in their DNA. Each DNA molecule is a single strand of nucleotides. Each organisms has its own unique DNA code. DNA relies upon five different building blocks as the alphabets of inheritance.
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22. What is the difference between a tissue and an organ system? Cite one example.
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23. Based upon your reading/understanding of Chapter One, give one feature that is common to: A.prokaryotes B.fungi, and C. plants.
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24. Evolution by natural selection relies upon which of the following factors: heritable variation, individual variation, a struggle for existence, or overproduction of offspring?
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25. Identify from among the following features those that are descriptions of living systems:
A. composed of two or more cells
B. respond to changes in the environment
C. capable of internal regulation in the face of change
D. encode their genetic material in the form of DNA
E. The tendency for DNA to replicate itself in a precise fashion, and all living things reproduce their own kind.
F. The ability for species to change over time as underlined by reproduction
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26. The teeth of grain-eating animals (such as cows) are usually broad and ridged. This makes them suitable for grinding and chewing . Meat-eating animals, (lions) have pointed teeth that are good for puncturing and ripping flesh. These illustrations: A. represent a food web. B. Are the results of natural selection. C. Represent the connection between form and function. D. Show that natural selection is not necessary in animals. E. Are a result of natural selection and the connection between form and function.
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27. In your attempt to "wipe" out a mosquito population, it was observed that an insecticide kills 99.9% of the population. What would you predict concerning the next generation of mosquitoes?
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28 . What is the ultimate source of energy which flows into nearly all ecosystems?Answer: